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oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/101942025-07-28T11:51:01Zcom_10259_3844com_10259_5086com_10259_2604col_10259_3845

Determination of nicotine in e-liquids by electrochemical generation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates Romay García, Luis Pérez Estébanez, Martín Heras Vidaurre, Aránzazu Colina Santamaría, Álvaro SERS Spectroelectrochemistry PARAFAC Nicotine E-liquid Química analítica Electroquímica Chemistry, Analytic Electrochemistry Quantitative methods using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for analysis in complex matrices are very attractive due to the high sensitivity and selectivity of this technique. In this work, a novel time-resolved elec trochemical surface-enhanced Raman scattering (TR-EC-SERS) analytical method has been developed for the determination of nicotine in e-liquids of electronic cigarettes. One of the main challenges of SERS is its inherent lack of reproducibility. Here, this limitation was mitigated by employing an electrochemical pre-treatment step to generate a homogeneous distribution of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on a silver screen-printed electrode. The enhanced Raman scattering induced by the Ag-NPs enabled the detection of nicotine at nanomolar levels. The high sensitivity of the method allowed the quantitative analysis of diluted e-liquid samples, mitigating potential interferences from other components present in these complex matrices. Moreover, TR-EC-SERS, coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), demonstrated the capability of trilinear spectroelectrochemistry data not only to detect nicotine but also to identify potential interfering compounds without prior knowledge of their spectral signatures. This multivariate approach offers significant potential for the detection of outliers in complex samples. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion ´ and Agencia Estatal de Investigacion ´ (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, PID2020-113154RBC21, PID2023-149188OB-I00) and FEDER, UE, Junta de Castilla y Leon ´ and European Regional Development Fund (Grant number: BU036P23), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion ´ y Universidades (RED2022-134120-T) are gratefully acknowledged for funding this work. L.R. acknowledges Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion ´ and Agencia Estatal de Investigacion ´ (MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/ 501100011033, PIS2020-113154 GB-C21) for the predoctoral contract 2025-02-10T09:21:13Z 2025-02-10T09:21:13Z 2025-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 0026-265X http://hdl.handle.net/10259/10194 10.1016/j.microc.2024.112551 eng Microchemical Journal. 2025, V. 208, p. 112551 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2024.112551 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica, Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-113154RB-C21/ES/APLICACION DE NUEVOS MATERIALES Y DISPOSITIVOS PARA EC-SERS Y EC-SOERS/ info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica, Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2023-149188OB-I00/ES/MAS ALLA DE LA AMPLIFICACION DE LA DISPERSION RAMAN POR LA SUPERFICIE: MEJORA ELECTROQUIMICA DE LA SEÑAL RAMAN CON FINES ANALITICOS/ info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/Junta de Castilla y León//BU036P23//Desarrollo de técnicas analíticas in-situ y en condiciones operando para el estudio de electrocatalizadores para la conversión electroquímica de nitrato de amoniaco/ info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica, Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/RED2022-134120-T/ES/RED DE SENSORES Y BIOSENSORES ELECTROQUIMICOS: RETOS ANTE LA TRANSFORMACION DIGITAL E INDUSTRIAL/ Atribución 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess application/pdf Elsevier https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/10194/4/Romay-mj_2025.pdf.jpg Hispana TEXT http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ RIUBU. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Burgos http://hdl.handle.net/10259/10194