2026-04-17T09:41:15Zhttps://riubu.ubu.es/oai/request

oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/108602025-09-12T00:05:34Zcom_10259_4249com_10259_5086com_10259_2604col_10259_4250

Russo, Raffaele Emanuele 722dc949-ff32-40bb-988a-925fa951f670 500 Santoni, Elisa 288c6f4c-f64b-4ae7-8436-907c3db7322a 500 Fattobene, Martina f835a7f3-495c-4ba6-9688-f5900a8d953c 500 Giovini, Mattia 996fd5e8-cddf-44cd-a543-c5227a24bb12 500 Genua, Francesco 63ee5209-8d05-4fba-b430-e2db097568c0 500 Leonelli, Cristina 79413ba9-b337-4b7e-8320-d0a88ea88160 500 Lancellotti, Isabella 3fdcbadf-b60d-404e-a960-cd72dd215713 500 Herrero Gutiérrez, Ana 282 600 0000-0001-6126-1907 Berrettoni, Mario f27b4d89-3740-4e08-ab75-3e18b897073b 2025-09-11T11:19:14Z 2025-09-11T11:19:14Z 2025-08 1420-3049 https://hdl.handle.net/10259/10860 10.3390/molecules30153235 1420-3049 Alkali-activated aluminosilicate matrices are increasingly studied for their ability to stabilize hazardous metal contaminants via alkali activation at room temperature. In this study, metakaolin-based geopolymers were used to immobilize chromium and nickel salts, with systematic variation of key synthesis parameters, Na/Al molar ratio, metal concentration, anion type, and alkaline solution aging time, which have not been previously studied. A Design of Experiments approach was employed to study the effect of factors on metal leaching behavior and to better understand the underlying immobilization mechanisms. The analysis revealed that higher Na/Al ratios significantly enhance geopolymerization and reduce metal release, as supported by FTIR spectral shifts and decreased shoulder intensity. Notably, aging time had an influence on chromium behavior due to its effect on early silicate network formation, which can hinder the incorporation of chromium species. All tested formulations achieved metal immobilization rates of 98.8% or higher for both chromium and nickel. Overall, this study advances our understanding of geopolymer-based heavy metal immobilization. This research was funded by PNRR Next Generation UE, Mission 4, Component 2, Investment 1.1, D.D. N. 104 MUR 02/02/2022, and PRIN 2022 ACCHA-Advanced Chemical Characterization of Heavy Metals and Anions Encapsulated in Geopolymers with Synthetic Redox Environment, grant number 2022LKEKJ7, CUPE53D23008480006. application/pdf eng MDPI Molecules. 2025, V. 30, n. 15, 3235 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30153235 Atribución 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Alkali activation Metakaolin-based geopolymer Chromium salts Nickel salts Heavy metal stabilization Multivariate approach Design of experiments Principal component analysis Metales pesados Polímeros Heavy metals Polymers Design of Experiments Approach for Efficient Heavy Metals Stabilization Using Metakaolin-Based Geopolymers info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Molecules 30 15 3235 THUMBNAIL Russo_molecules_2025.pdf.jpg Russo_molecules_2025.pdf.jpg IM Thumbnail image/jpeg 4705 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/10860/4/Russo_molecules_2025.pdf.jpg 9147283e39c6ff05f3fa0e68c4ac9c81 MD5 4 LICENSE license.txt license.txt text/plain; charset=utf-8 998 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/10860/3/license.txt aa90105e1c90a1b4fe810649aa967b7d MD5 3 CC-LICENSE license_rdf license_rdf application/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8 908 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/10860/2/license_rdf 0175ea4a2d4caec4bbcc37e300941108 MD5 2 ORIGINAL Russo_molecules_2025.pdf Russo_molecules_2025.pdf application/pdf 3301425 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/10860/1/Russo_molecules_2025.pdf d57070afac4f5a859f95de4da10e8561 MD5 1 10259/10860 oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/10860 2025-09-12 02:05:34.236 Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Burgos bubrep@ubu.es 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