2026-05-18T06:16:36Zhttps://riubu.ubu.es/oai/request

oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/112342026-01-17T01:05:32Zcom_10259_5377com_10259_5086com_10259_2604col_10259_5378

Ahmadi, Kavan 18975dc4-42e6-4688-895b-66685e3c74a2 600 Latorre Carmona, Pedro 815 600 0000-0001-6984-5173 Javidi, Bahram 856813a6-e3ee-4d0f-aee4-a90c306400bb 600 Carnicer, Artur ff719306-78d3-4262-9693-37c8c391d236 600 2026-01-16T12:38:23Z 2026-01-16T12:38:23Z 2020-04 https://hdl.handle.net/10259/11234 10.1109/JPHOT.2020.2987484 1943-0655 1943-0647 Document signature is a powerful technique used to determine whether a message is tampered or valid. Recently, this concept was extended to optical codes: we demonstrated that the combined use of optical techniques and machine learning algorithms might be able to distinguish among different classes of samples. In the present work, we produce nano particle encoded optical codes with predetermined designs synthesized with a 3D printer. We used conventional polylactic acid filament filled with metallic powder to include the effect of nano-encoding for unique polarimetric signatures. We investigated an interesting real-world scenario, that is, we demonstrate how a single class of codes is distinguished among a group of samples to be rejected. This is a difficult unbalanced problem since the number of polarimetric signatures that characterize the true class is small compared to the complete dataset. Each sample is characterized by analyzing the polarization state of the emerging light. Using the one class-support vector machine algorithm we found high accuracy figures in the recognition of the true class codes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on implementing optical codes with nano particle encoded materials using 3D printing technology. Funding Agency: 10.13039/100000181-Air Force Office of Scientific Research 10.13039/501100003329-Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Grant Number: FIS2016-75147-C3-1-P) application/pdf eng Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE Photonics Journal. 2020, V. 12, n. 3, p. 6500810 https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2020.2987484 Atribución 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Optical authentication and security Optical polarization Speckle noise Óptica Aprendizaje automático Impresión 3D Optics Machine learning Three-dimensional printing Polarimetric Identification of 3D-Printed Nano Particle Encoded Optical Codes info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion IEEE Photonics Journal 12 3 6500810 THUMBNAIL Ahmadi-IEEEPJ_2020.pdf.jpg Ahmadi-IEEEPJ_2020.pdf.jpg IM Thumbnail image/jpeg 4962 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/11234/4/Ahmadi-IEEEPJ_2020.pdf.jpg dae83f80a3bec0a8530ab2a657eff873 MD5 4 LICENSE license.txt license.txt text/plain; charset=utf-8 999 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/11234/3/license.txt b295bcbce42e2caabeb0c623d3860c06 MD5 3 CC-LICENSE license_rdf license_rdf application/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8 908 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/11234/2/license_rdf 0175ea4a2d4caec4bbcc37e300941108 MD5 2 ORIGINAL Ahmadi-IEEEPJ_2020.pdf Ahmadi-IEEEPJ_2020.pdf application/pdf 5669132 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/11234/1/Ahmadi-IEEEPJ_2020.pdf 469628641fd6e9cd724a0a91b0312358 MD5 1 10259/11234 oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/11234 2026-01-17 02:05:32.041 Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Burgos bubrep@ubu.es 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