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<dc:creator>Ventosa Arbaizar, Edgar</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Madej, Edyta</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Zampardi, Giorgia</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Mei, Bastian</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Weide, Philipp</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Antoni, Hendrik</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>La Mantia, Fabio</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Muhler, Martin</dc:creator>
<dc:creator>Schuhmann, Wolfgang</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2016-12</dc:date>
<dc:description>The high (de)lithiation potential of TiO2 (ca. 1.7 V vs Li/Li+ in 1 M Li+) decreases the voltage and, thus, the energy density of a corresponding Li-ion battery. On the other hand, it offers several advantages such as the (de)lithiation potential far from lithium deposition or absence of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The latter is currently under controversial debate as several studies reported the presence of a SEI when operating TiO2 electrodes at potentials above 1.0 V vs Li/Li+. We investigate the formation of a SEI at anatase TiO2 electrodes by means of X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The investigations were performed in different potential ranges, namely, during storage (without external polarization), between 3.0–2.0 V and 3.0–1.0 V vs Li/Li+, respectively. No SEI is formed when a completely dried and residues-free TiO2 electrode is cycled between 3.0 and 2.0 V vs Li/Li+. A SEI is detected by XPS in the case of samples stored for 6 weeks or cycled between 3.0 and 1.0 V vs Li/Li+. With use of SECM, it is verified that this SEI does not possess the electrically insulating character as expected for a “classic” SEI. Therefore, we propose the term apparent SEI for TiO2 electrodes to differentiate it from the protecting and effective SEI formed at graphite electrodes.</dc:description>
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<dc:identifier>https://hdl.handle.net/10259/11377</dc:identifier>
<dc:language>eng</dc:language>
<dc:publisher>American Chemical Society</dc:publisher>
<dc:title>Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) at TiO2 Electrodes in Li-Ion Batteries: Defining Apparent and Effective SEI Based on Evidence from X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy and Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy</dc:title>
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