2026-05-19T01:38:42Zhttps://riubu.ubu.es/oai/request

oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/114562026-05-15T22:42:16Zcom_10259_11274com_10259_5086com_10259_2604col_10259_11275

00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Gutiérrez García, Aida author Fernández-Martín, Andrés author Alguacil Sánchez, Sonia author Gutiérrez Calvo, Manuel author 2026 A smile underlies the well-known recognition advantage of prototypical happy faces. However, a smiling mouth also has side effects: It biases a tendency to incorrectly judge as “happy” blended expressions with non-happy eyes (neutral, sad, etc.). This reveals interference with the processing of such mixed-smile expressions, which are otherwise ubiquitous in social settings (hence its practical importance). To account for this effect, we investigated two mechanisms: Perceptual overshadowing driven by the smile visual saliency, and categorical priming driven by the smile diagnostic value. In Experiment 1, we obtained diagnostic values for the mouth and eye regions of facial expressions of emotion. In Experiment 2, facilitation and interference effects of prime mouths on probe eyes were examined as a function of such values. In Experiment 3, overshadowing and priming were compared. Results showed, first, a high diagnostic value of the smiling mouth, followed by disgusted, sad, and angry mouths. Second, in correspondence with such values, the mouth expressions facilitated the recognition of congruent eyes. Importantly, the presence of a smiling mouth especially impaired the accurate recognition of non-happy eyes. This supports the categorical priming hypothesis. And, third, the smiling mouth still caused some (albeit limited) interference with the processing of facial information unrelated to expression (masculine/feminine appearance of the expresser). This is consistent with an overshadowing-inattentional blindness hypothesis. An alternative affective priming hypothesis is discussed. 0022-1309 https://hdl.handle.net/10259/11456 10.1080/00221309.2025.2505015 1940-0888 Smile Overshadowing Priming Blended expressions Diagnostic value Misperception of non-Happy Facial Features: Overshadowing and Priming by a Smiling Mouth