2026-04-17T20:37:09Zhttps://riubu.ubu.es/oai/request

oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/114672026-03-06T01:05:30Zcom_10259.4_2539com_10259_5086com_10259_2604col_10259.4_2540

Kocher, Arthur Papac, Luka Barquera, Rodrigo Key, Felix M. Spyrou, Maria A. Hübler, Ron Rohrlach, Adam B. Aron, Franziska Stahl, Raphaela Wissgott, Antje van Bömmel, Florian Pfefferkorn, Maria Mittnik, Alissa Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa Neumann, Gunnar U. Rivollat, Maïté van de Loosdrecht, Marieke S. Majander, Kerttu Tukhbatova, Rezeda I. Musralina, Lyazzat Ghalichi, Ayshin Penske, Sandra Sabin, Susanna Michel, Megan Gretzinger, Joscha Nelson, Elizabeth A. Ferraz, Tiago Nägele, Kathrin Parker, Cody Keller, Marcel Guevara, Evelyn K. Feldman, Michal Eisenmann, Stefanie Skourtanioti, Eirini Giffin, Karen Gnecchi-Ruscone, Guido Alberto Friederich, Susanne Schimmenti, Vittoria Khartanovich, Valery Karapetian, Marina K. Chaplygin, Mikhail S. Kufterin, Vladimir V. Khokhlov, Aleksandr A. Chizhevsky, Andrey A. Stashenkov, Dmitry A. Kochkina, Anna F. Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina de Lagrán, Íñigo García-Martínez Arcusa-Magallón, Héctor Garrido-Pena, Rafael Royo-Guillén, José Ignacio Nováček, Jan Rottier, Stéphane Kacki, Sacha Saintot, Sylvie Kaverzneva, Elena Belinskiy, Andrej B. Velemínský, Petr Limburský, Petr Kostka, Michal Loe, Louise Popescu, Elizabeth Clarke, Rachel Lyons, Alice Mortimer, Richard Sajantila, Antti de Armas, Yadira Chinique Hernandez Godoy, Silvia Teresita Hernández-Zaragoza, Diana I. Pearson, Jessica Binder, Didier Lefranc, Philippe Kantorovich, Anatoly R. Maslov, Vladimir E. Lai, Luca Zoledziewska, Magdalena Beckett, Jessica F. Langová, Michaela Danielisová, Alžběta Ingman, Tara Atiénzar, Gabriel García de Miguel Ibáñez, Maria Paz Romero, Alejandro Sperduti, Alessandra Beckett, Sophie Salter, Susannah J. Zilivinskaya, Emma D. Vasil’ev, Dmitry V. von Heyking, Kristin Burger, Richard L. Salazar, Lucy C. Amkreutz, Luc Navruzbekov, Masnav Rosenstock, Eva Alonso-Fernández, Carmen Slavchev, Vladimir Kalmykov, Alexey A. Atabiev, Biaslan Ch. Batieva, Elena Calmet, Micaela Alvarez Llamas, Bastien Schultz, Michael Krauß, Raiko Jiménez-Echevarría, Javier Francken, Michael Shnaider, Svetlana de Knijff, Peter Altena, Eveline Van de Vijver, Katrien Fehren-Schmitz, Lars Tung, Tiffiny A. Lösch, Sandra Dobrovolskaya, Maria Makarov, Nikolaj Read, Chris Van Twest, Melanie Sagona, Claudia Ramsl, Peter C. Akar, Murat Yener, K. Aslihan Carmona Ballestero, Eduardo Cucca, Francesco Mazzarello, Vittorio Utrilla, Pilar Rademaker, Kurt Fernández-Domínguez, Eva Baird, Douglas Semal, Patrick Márquez-Morfín, Lourdes Roksandic, Mirjana Steiner, Hubert Salazar-García, Domingo Carlos Shishlina, Natalia Erdal, Yilmaz Selim Hallgren, Fredrik Boyadzhiev, Yavor Boyadzhiev, Kamen Küßner, Mario Sayer, Duncan Onkamo, Päivi Skeates, Robin Rojo-Guerra, Manuel Buzhilova, Alexandra Khussainova, Elmira Djansugurova, Leyla B. Beisenov, Arman Z. Samashev, Zainolla Massy, Ken Mannino, Marcello Moiseyev, Vyacheslav Mannermaa, Kristiina Balanovsky, Oleg Deguilloux, Marie-France Reinhold, Sabine Hansen, Svend Kitov, Egor P. Dobeš, Miroslav Ernée, Michal Meller, Harald Alt, Kurt W. Prüfer, Kay Warinner, Christina Schiffels, Stephan Stockhammer, Philipp W. Bos, Kirsten Posth, Cosimo Herbig, Alexander Haak, Wolfgang Krause, Johannes Kühnert, Denise 2026-03-02T17:20:37Z 2026-03-02T17:20:37Z 2021-10 0036-8075 https://hdl.handle.net/10259/11467 10.1126/science.abi5658 1095-9203 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic. eng info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution info:eu-repo/semantics/article