2026-04-17T12:50:06Zhttps://riubu.ubu.es/oai/request

oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/115172026-04-16T00:05:38Zcom_10259_5645com_10259_5086com_10259_2604col_10259_5646

Pacheco Bonrostro, Joaquín 410 600 0000-0002-7462-8680 Casado Yusta, Silvia 666 600 0000-0002-9663-1557 Solana Ezquerra, Mario d27982c3-f428-43d5-a1a2-f44bc72270be 600 2026-04-15T09:37:41Z 2026-04-15T09:37:41Z 2025-12 2026-12-03 0160-5682 https://hdl.handle.net/10259/11517 10.1080/01605682.2025.2592760 1476-9360 Air traffic management (ATM) is a complex process that includes objectives such as minimising delays, costs, and environmental impacts, with safety being a top priority. Growth in air traffic over the past few decades has increased the complexity of this process. In European airspace, ATM is more crucial because of the high traffic density. A key aspect of this management strategy is the allocation of flight levels in the planning phase to avoid conflicts before takeoff. Therefore, a model is required for the allocation of flight levels in the planning phase to eliminate all conflicts and meet objectives such as minimising cost and emissions. In the absence of conflicts, planning delays in takeoff are avoided and in-flight corrective manoeuvres (such as changes in altitude or speed during flights) are reduced, reducing the workload of the controller. This study proposed a method based on a metaheuristic variable neighbourhood search (VNS) strategy on a multistart framework. Various experiments with simulated instances demonstrated that this method improves the results obtained using commercial software. In addition, tests based on real data (both in Europe and Spain) showed satisfactory results in terms of economics and sustainability. The Spanish Research Agency and European Union (Project PID2022-139543OB-C44). Regional Government of Castilla y León and FEDER founds (BU021G24). application/pdf eng Taylor and Francis Journal of the Operational Research Society https://doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2025.2592760 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess Air traffic management Flight level assignment Sustainable and economic management Safe air travel Variable neighbourhood search Economía Economics Economía ambiental Environmental economics Efficient assignment of flight levels: a variable neighbourhood search approach info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion Journal of the Operational Research Society 1 18 THUMBNAIL Pacheco-jotors_2025.pdf.jpg Pacheco-jotors_2025.pdf.jpg IM Thumbnail image/jpeg 4126 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/11517/4/Pacheco-jotors_2025.pdf.jpg fcb0d395cf6c4ede93f4f62be9c23433 MD5 4 LICENSE license.txt license.txt text/plain; charset=utf-8 998 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/11517/3/license.txt aa90105e1c90a1b4fe810649aa967b7d MD5 3 CC-LICENSE license_rdf license_rdf application/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8 805 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/11517/2/license_rdf 4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347 MD5 2 ORIGINAL Pacheco-jotors_2025.pdf Pacheco-jotors_2025.pdf application/pdf 1307090 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/11517/1/Pacheco-jotors_2025.pdf 4bd3f7bf55651493cf6e40a0a05d8712 MD5 1 10259/11517 oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/11517 2026-04-16 02:05:38.892 Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Burgos bubrep@ubu.es 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