2026-06-30T04:30:50Zhttps://riubu.ubu.es/oai/request

oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/118602026-06-19T05:15:47Zcom_10259_3847com_10259_5086com_10259_2604com_10259_8983col_10259_3848col_10259_8984

Martin Reizabal, Sergio Caballero Quiroga, Adrian Gil Arroyo, Beatriz Basurto Hornillos, Nuño Ruiz González, Rubén 2026-06-18T10:16:23Z 2026-06-18T10:16:23Z 2026-03 2542-6605 https://hdl.handle.net/10259/11860 10.1016/j.iot.2026.101879 The explosive growth of the IoT has led to an increasingly complex and heterogeneous network traffic, posing major challenges for intrusion detection. Most existing machine learning and deep learning approaches model network traffic at the level of individual flows, which limits their ability to capture contextual relationships among concurrent communications. This paper introduces a Transformer-based framework for IoT intrusion detection that aggregates network flows into fixed-duration windows and treats each flow as a token within the input sequence. The self-attention mechanism captures contextual relationships among concurrent flows, enabling effective modeling of temporal dependencies without recurrence. Experiments conducted on the CICIoT2023 dataset show that the proposed model achieves a weighted F1-score of 97.9% and a macro ROC–AUC of 99.6% under temporally blocked cross-validation, while maintaining high computational efficiency. These results demonstrate that flow-to-window aggregation combined with self-attention provides a robust and scalable foundation for IoT network security, suitable for deployment in edge and smart-home environments. eng Elsevier Internet of Things. 2026, V. 36, art. 101879 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iot.2026.101879 Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Internet of things (IoT) Network traffic classification Intrusion detection system (IDS) Transformer Self-attention Deep learning Internet de los objetos Computación ubicua Internet of things Ubiquitous computing Transformer-based classification of IoT network traffic with flow-to-window aggregation info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Internet of Things 36 101879