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Age and date for early arrival of the Acheulian in Europe (Barranc de la Boella, la Canonja, Spain) Vallverdú, Josep Saladie, Palmira . Rosas, Antonio . Huguet Pàmies, Rosa Cáceres, Isabel . Mosquera, Marina . Garcia Tabernero, Antonio Estalrrich, Almudena Lozano Fernández, Iván Pineda Alcalá, Antonio . Carrancho Alonso, Ángel Villalaín Santamaria, Juan José Bourlès, Didier . Braucher, Régis . Lebatard, Anne Vilalta, Jaume Esteban Nadal, Montserrat Lluc Bennàsar, Maria Bastir, Marcus López Polín, Lucía Ollé, Andreu . Vergés, Josep Maria . Ros Montoya, Sergio Martínez Navarro, Bienvenido García, Ana Martinell, Jordi Expósito, Isabel . Burjachs, Francesc . Agustí, Jordi Carbonell, Eudald Paleontología Paleontology The first arrivals of hominin populations into Eurasia during the Early Pleistocene are currently considered to have occurred as short and poorly dated biological dispersions. Questions as to the tempo and mode of these early prehistoric settlements have given rise to debates concerning the taxonomic significance of the lithic assemblages, as trace fossils, and the geographical distribution of the technological traditions found in the Lower Palaeolithic record. Here, we report on the Barranc de la Boella site which has yielded a lithic assemblage dating to ,1 million years ago that includes large cutting tools (LCT). We argue that distinct technological traditions coexisted in the Iberian archaeological repertoires of the late Early Pleistocene age in a similar way to the earliest sub-Saharan African artefact assemblages. These differences between stone tool assemblages may be attributed to the different chronologies of hominin dispersal events. The archaeological record of Barranc de la Boella completes the geographical distribution of LCT assemblages across southern Eurasia during the EMPT (Early-Middle Pleistocene Transition, circa 942 to 641 kyr). Up to now, chronology of the earliest European LCT assemblages is based on the abundant Palaeolithic record found in terrace river sequences which have been dated to the end of the EMPT and later. However, the findings at Barranc de la Boella suggest that early LCT lithic assemblages appeared in the SW of Europe during earlier hominin dispersal episodes before the definitive colonization of temperate Eurasia took place. The research at Barranc de la Boella has been carried out with the financial support of the Spanish Ministerio de Economı´a y Competitividad (CGL2012- 36682; CGL2012-38358, CGL2012-38434-C03-03 and CGL2010-15326; MICINN project HAR2009-7223/HIST), Generalitat de Catalunya, AGAUR agence (projects 2014SGR-901; 2014SGR-899; 2009SGR-324, 2009PBR-0033 and 2009SGR-188) and Junta de Castilla y Leo´n BU1004A09. Financial support for Barranc de la Boella field work and archaeological excavations is provided by the Ajuntament de la Canonja and Departament de Cultura (Servei d’Arqueologia i Paleontologia) de la Generalitat de Catalunya. A. Carrancho’s research was funded by the International Excellence Programme, Reinforcement subprogramme of the Spanish Ministry of Education. I. Lozano-Ferna´ndez acknowledges the pre-doctoral grant from the Fundacio´n Atapuerca. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. 2016-09-26T08:41:06Z 2016-09-26T08:41:06Z 2014-07 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 1932-6203 http://hdl.handle.net/10259/4241 10.1371/journal.pone.0103634 eng PLoS ONE. 2014, V. 9, n. 7, e103634 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103634 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/CGL2012- 36682 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/CGL2012-38358 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/CGL2012-38434-C03-03 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/CGL2010-15326 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MICINN/HAR2009-7223/HIST info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/GC/2014SGR-901 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/GC/2014SGR-899 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/GC/2009SGR-324 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/GC/2009PBR-0033 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/GC/2009SGR-188 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/JCyL/BU1004A09 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINE/International Excellence Programme, Reinforcement subprogramme Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Public Library of Science