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Narbarte Hernández, Josu acbf37e8-5af6-4863-a092-25d71e19899e 500 Iriarte Avilés, Eneko 297 600 0000-0001-8365-5616 Rad Moradillo, Juan Carlos 461 500 0000-0003-2538-2212 Carrancho Alonso, Ángel c47c7c49-1c87-4446-8702-199b30fcfbd4 500 González Sampériz, Penélope 906a9bc2-1976-49b3-ba7b-f9520d20dd41 500 Peña Chocarro, Leonor 66709a7f-5592-4e24-810c-abe48e11f3c0 500 Quirós Castillo, Juan Antonio 6c248e49-a06f-498c-a737-bca6c8ff0ed4 500 2019-10-29T09:05:26Z 2019-10-29T09:05:26Z 2019-09 2021-09-01 0048-9697 http://hdl.handle.net/10259/5151 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.082 Evolution and change in agricultural practice is a major factor in the codification of social relations and represents one of the main resources employed by human societies to establish a durable relationship with their environment. Using a multi-proxy integrated approach, this paper seeks to decipher the long-term dynamics that have shaped agricultural landscapes in the Basque Country (N Spain). Social and economic indicators (archival records, toponymy and oral sources) are used along with geological core sampling (geochemistry, magnetic, palynological and carpological analyses) to reconstruct a diachronic sequence of human settlement and agricultural management in the village of Aizarna over the last ~1500 years. The oldest records obtained refer to non-agricultural human activities dating back to the Roman period. Later on, traces of agricultural landscape-transformation can be divided into four main phases: 1) the onset of terraced agriculture, defined by the clearance and terracing of previous forested areas during the Early Middle Ages; 2) a Late Medieval reorganisation, with new terraces being (re)constructed close to dispersed farmsteads, linked to the emergence of the modern rural landscape; 3) a new model of intensive polyculture developed during the Modern period as a consequence of the introduction of new crops of American origin; and 4) the mechanisation and commercialisation of the agricultural production over the 20th century. These results provide a valuable pathway for the investigation of currently inhabited rural contexts, and offer, for the first time in this region, an overview on long-term landscape construction in the Atlantic areas of the Basque Country. Fieldwork was funded by the Culture Department of the Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa, and by the Project “Peasant Agency and socio-political complexity in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages” (Ministry of Economy, AEI/FEDER EU HUM2016-76094-C4-2-R), jointly participated in by the Research Group on Heritage and Cultural Landscapes (Basque Government, IT936-16) and the Group of Rural Studies (UPV/EHU-CSIC Associated Unit). Á. Carrancho acknowledges the financial support given by the Consejería de Educación, Junta de Castilla y León (project BU235P18) with also FEDER funding. application/pdf eng Elsevier Science of the total environment. 2019, V. 681, p. 66-81 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.082 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/76094-C4-2-R info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/GV/IT936-16 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/JCyL/BU235P18 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Agriculture Geoarchaeology Soils Geochemistry Core sampling Social change Agricultura Arqueología Agriculture Archaeology On the origin of rural landscapes: Looking for physico-chemical fingerprints of historical agricultural practice in the Atlantic Basque Country (N Spain) info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion TEXT Narbarte-sdte_2019.pdf.txt Narbarte-sdte_2019.pdf.txt Extracted text text/plain 102277 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/5151/5/Narbarte-sdte_2019.pdf.txt ed5d0d0cb0bb0860c3ac6e767a873c3b MD5 5 THUMBNAIL Narbarte-sdte_2019.pdf.jpg Narbarte-sdte_2019.pdf.jpg IM Thumbnail image/jpeg 4289 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/5151/4/Narbarte-sdte_2019.pdf.jpg d6bd261b016721f8ef0872b1e5babc89 MD5 4 LICENSE license.txt license.txt text/plain; charset=utf-8 999 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/5151/3/license.txt b295bcbce42e2caabeb0c623d3860c06 MD5 3 CC-LICENSE license_rdf license_rdf application/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8 805 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/5151/2/license_rdf 4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347 MD5 2 ORIGINAL Narbarte-sdte_2019.pdf Narbarte-sdte_2019.pdf application/pdf 30168276 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/5151/1/Narbarte-sdte_2019.pdf d0356e3d074c4111a0b6143858620a15 MD5 1 10259/5151 oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/5151 2023-06-08 14:48:28.954 Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Burgos bubrep@ubu.es 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