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<field name="value">Trigueros Andrés, Ester</field>
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<field name="value">Alonso Riaño, Patricia</field>
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<field name="value">Benito Román, Oscar</field>
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<field name="confidence">600</field>
<field name="orcid_id">0000-0002-4418-0045</field>
<field name="value">Melgosa Gómez, Rodrigo</field>
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<field name="value">Sanz Díez, Mª Teresa</field>
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<field name="confidence">600</field>
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<field name="value">Beltrán Calvo, Sagrario</field>
<field name="authority">57</field>
<field name="confidence">600</field>
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<field name="value">Illera Gigante, Alba Ester</field>
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<field name="confidence">600</field>
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<field name="value">2022-05-16T09:14:16Z</field>
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<field name="value">2022-05-16T09:14:16Z</field>
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<field name="value">2022</field>
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<field name="value">Póster presentado en: EIFS2022, the 2nd Iberian Meeting on Supercritical Fluids (2º Encontro Ibérico de Fluidos Supercríticos / 2º Encuentro Ibérico de Fluidos Supercríticos), to be held on 28.February - 2.March 2022 in Coimbra, Portugal.</field>
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<field name="value">Gelidium sesquipedale solid residue after industrial agar extraction contains high amounts&#xd;
of proteins with all essential amino acids and carbohydrates such as glucans, galactans or&#xd;
arabinans [1]. Therefore, although it is generally discarded, its reincorporation in the&#xd;
industry as a value-added product brings an interesting solution. Traditional methods used&#xd;
for bioactive compounds extraction from different raw materials present numerous&#xd;
drawbacks, namely, time-consuming, costly to dispose of used products and harmful to&#xd;
environment and human health [2]. Among green technologies, subcritical water&#xd;
extraction (SWE) stands out as a great alternative to traditional extraction processes. SWE&#xd;
consists of using hot pressurized water above its boiling point, 100 °C, and below its&#xd;
critical point, 374 °C, which causes many of the properties of water to change, such as&#xd;
density or dielectric constant [3,4]. Water dielectric constant, which is related to its&#xd;
polarity, decreases with increasing temperature, similar to organic solvents, at 200 °C. As&#xd;
a result, through the dielectric constant modulation with temperature, SWE is able to&#xd;
selectively extract polar or non-polar compounds [5].&#xd;
&#xd;
In order to assess the feasibility of industrial-scale subcritical solvent extraction, a pilot-&#xd;
scale process must first be tested. Generally, the design of the industrial SWE equipment&#xd;
&#xd;
is preceded by the study of laboratory- and pilot-scale systems. Hence, although in many&#xd;
cases the pilot-scale study stage is eliminated, the scaling-up process would be much more&#xd;
efficient by incorporating the pilot-scale study to obtain quality data and determination&#xd;
of scale-up factor [6]. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to prove the feasibility&#xd;
of industrial-scale subcritical water system through scaling-up from lab to pilot system.,&#xd;
by the comparison of lab- and pilot-scale subcritical water performance. For this, many&#xd;
analytical methods were applied for the comparison of the extraction yield of the two&#xd;
systems; such as, polysaccharide fraction identification and quantification, total protein&#xd;
content and free amino acids determination, and total polyphenol content (TPC) and&#xd;
antioxidant activity.&#xd;
Galactose was mainly recovered as oligomer fraction with maximum yields of 71.4 (36&#xd;
minutes) and 74.5 % (45 minutes) for pilot and lab-scale, respectively (Figure 1a). Lower&#xd;
yields were determined for glucans, with maximum yields of 9.5 % for both systems, in&#xd;
which more than 6 % was extracted in the first minutes. Similar extraction curves and&#xd;
yields were determined for protein fraction with final extraction yields close to 40 %&#xd;
(Figure 1b), while free amino acids content was higher in laboratory scale. The greatest&#xd;
extraction yield was accounted for the smallest amino acids, such as glycine, alanine and&#xd;
aspartic acid, whereas polar amino acids such as glutamic acid and lysine were reduced,&#xd;
although lysine was not detected in pilot system. Differences in total polyphenolic compounds (TPC) extraction were observed for both&#xd;
systems. Increasing TPC content with time was determined for lab-scale system, while in&#xd;
pilot system a plateau phase was observed after 36 minutes of extraction.&#xd;
SWE has been proven to be an efficient technology for bioactive compounds recovery&#xd;
such as carbohydrates, protein and amino acids from algae residue. Scaling up of&#xd;
subcritical water system from laboratory to pilot scale resulted in good and reproducible&#xd;
&#xd;
results. Therefore, feasibility of industrial-scale subcritical water system through scaling-&#xd;
up from lab to pilot system has been showed.</field>
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<element name="sponsorship">
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<field name="value">This work was supported by AEI [PID2019-104950RB-I00 and&#xd;
PID2020-116716RJ-I00] and JCyL and ERDF [BU050P20]&#xd;
P. Alonso-Riaño and E. Trigueros acknowledge funding from&#xd;
JCyL and ESF [Orden EDU/556/2019 and EDU/574/2018,&#xd;
respectively]. A.E. Illera post-doctoral contract was funded by&#xd;
JCyL and ERDF [BU050P20]. R. Melgosa is supported by a&#xd;
Beatriz Galindo Research Fellowship [BG20/00182].</field>
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<field name="value">eng</field>
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<field name="value">Ingeniería química</field>
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<field name="value">Chemical engineering</field>
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<field name="value">Subcritical water extraction scale-up from laboratory to pilot system for red algae residue valorization</field>
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