<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-04-17T18:09:48Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/7421" metadataPrefix="mets">https://riubu.ubu.es/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/7421</identifier><datestamp>2024-05-14T11:44:00Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_10259_6155</setSpec><setSpec>com_10259_4266</setSpec><setSpec>com_10259.4_106</setSpec><setSpec>com_10259_2604</setSpec><setSpec>col_10259_6156</setSpec></header><metadata><mets xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/METS/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/METS/ http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/mets.xsd" PROFILE="DSpace METS SIP Profile 1.0" TYPE="DSpace ITEM" ID="&#xa;&#x9;&#x9;&#x9;&#x9;DSpace_ITEM_10259-7421" OBJID="&#xa;&#x9;&#x9;&#x9;&#x9;hdl:10259/7421">
<metsHdr CREATEDATE="2026-04-17T18:42:41Z">
<agent TYPE="ORGANIZATION" ROLE="CUSTODIAN">
<name>Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Burgos</name>
</agent>
</metsHdr>
<dmdSec ID="DMD_10259_7421">
<mdWrap MDTYPE="MODS">
<xmlData xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-1.xsd">
<mods:mods xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3 http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods/v3/mods-3-1.xsd">
<mods:name>
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sierra Garcia, Jesús Enrique</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name>
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Santos, Matilde</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name>
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm type="text">author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pandit, Ravi</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:extension>
<mods:dateAccessioned encoding="iso8601">2023-02-08T09:23:28Z</mods:dateAccessioned>
</mods:extension>
<mods:extension>
<mods:dateAvailable encoding="iso8601">2023-02-08T09:23:28Z</mods:dateAvailable>
</mods:extension>
<mods:originInfo>
<mods:dateIssued encoding="iso8601">2022-05</mods:dateIssued>
</mods:originInfo>
<mods:identifier type="issn">0952-1976</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="uri">http://hdl.handle.net/10259/7421</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="doi">10.1016/j.engappai.2022.104769</mods:identifier>
<mods:abstract>Wind turbine (WT) pitch control is a challenging issue due to the non-linearities of the wind device and its&#xd;
complex dynamics, the coupling of the variables and the uncertainty of the environment. Reinforcement learn-&#xd;
ing (RL) based control arises as a promising technique to address these problems. However, its applicability&#xd;
is still limited due to the slowness of the learning process. To help alleviate this drawback, in this work we&#xd;
present a hybrid RL-based control that combines a RL-based controller with a proportional–integral–derivative&#xd;
(PID) regulator, and a learning observer. The PID is beneficial during the first training episodes as the RL based&#xd;
control does not have any experience to learn from. The learning observer oversees the learning process by&#xd;
adjusting the exploration rate and the exploration window in order to reduce the oscillations during the training&#xd;
and improve convergence. Simulation experiments on a small real WT show how the learning significantly&#xd;
improves with this control architecture, speeding up the learning convergence up to 37%, and increasing the&#xd;
efficiency of the intelligent control strategy. The best hybrid controller reduces the error of the output power&#xd;
by around 41% regarding a PID regulator. Moreover, the proposed intelligent hybrid control configuration has&#xd;
proved more efficient than a fuzzy controller and a neuro-control strategy.</mods:abstract>
<mods:language>
<mods:languageTerm authority="rfc3066">eng</mods:languageTerm>
</mods:language>
<mods:accessCondition type="useAndReproduction">Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional</mods:accessCondition>
<mods:subject>
<mods:topic>Intelligent control</mods:topic>
</mods:subject>
<mods:subject>
<mods:topic>Reinforcement learning</mods:topic>
</mods:subject>
<mods:subject>
<mods:topic>Learning observer</mods:topic>
</mods:subject>
<mods:subject>
<mods:topic>Pitch control</mods:topic>
</mods:subject>
<mods:subject>
<mods:topic>Wind turbines</mods:topic>
</mods:subject>
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Wind turbine pitch reinforcement learning control improved by PID regulator and learning observer</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:genre>info:eu-repo/semantics/article</mods:genre>
</mods:mods>
</xmlData>
</mdWrap>
</dmdSec>
<amdSec ID="TMD_10259_7421">
<rightsMD ID="RIG_10259_7421">
<mdWrap OTHERMDTYPE="DSpaceDepositLicense" MDTYPE="OTHER" MIMETYPE="text/plain">
<binData>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</binData>
</mdWrap>
</rightsMD>
</amdSec>
<amdSec ID="FO_10259_7421_1">
<techMD ID="TECH_O_10259_7421_1">
<mdWrap MDTYPE="PREMIS">
<xmlData xmlns:premis="http://www.loc.gov/standards/premis" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/standards/premis http://www.loc.gov/standards/premis/PREMIS-v1-0.xsd">
<premis:premis>
<premis:object>
<premis:objectIdentifier>
<premis:objectIdentifierType>URL</premis:objectIdentifierType>
<premis:objectIdentifierValue>https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/7421/1/Sierra-eaai_2022.pdf</premis:objectIdentifierValue>
</premis:objectIdentifier>
<premis:objectCategory>File</premis:objectCategory>
<premis:objectCharacteristics>
<premis:fixity>
<premis:messageDigestAlgorithm>MD5</premis:messageDigestAlgorithm>
<premis:messageDigest>3ffada7bd909ae0543611dbae0894760</premis:messageDigest>
</premis:fixity>
<premis:size>2668792</premis:size>
<premis:format>
<premis:formatDesignation>
<premis:formatName>application/pdf</premis:formatName>
</premis:formatDesignation>
</premis:format>
</premis:objectCharacteristics>
<premis:originalName>Sierra-eaai_2022.pdf</premis:originalName>
</premis:object>
</premis:premis>
</xmlData>
</mdWrap>
</techMD>
</amdSec>
<fileSec>
<fileGrp USE="ORIGINAL">
<file ID="BITSTREAM_ORIGINAL_10259_7421_1" MIMETYPE="application/pdf" SEQ="1" SIZE="2668792" CHECKSUM="3ffada7bd909ae0543611dbae0894760" CHECKSUMTYPE="MD5" ADMID="FO_10259_7421_1" GROUPID="GROUP_BITSTREAM_10259_7421_1">
<FLocat xlink:type="simple" LOCTYPE="URL" xlink:href="https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/7421/1/Sierra-eaai_2022.pdf"/>
</file>
</fileGrp>
</fileSec>
<structMap TYPE="LOGICAL" LABEL="DSpace Object">
<div TYPE="DSpace Object Contents" ADMID="DMD_10259_7421">
<div TYPE="DSpace BITSTREAM">
<fptr FILEID="BITSTREAM_ORIGINAL_10259_7421_1"/>
</div>
</div>
</structMap>
</mets></metadata></record></GetRecord></OAI-PMH>