2026-04-17T15:05:35Zhttps://riubu.ubu.es/oai/request

oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/76642024-07-25T07:49:40Zcom_10259_9476com_10259.4_106com_10259_2604com_10259_4201com_10259_5086col_10259_9477col_10259_4505

Santiago Herrera, Mario Ibáñez Porras, Jesús De Pamphilis, Marco Alegre Calderón, Jesús Manuel Tamayo Ramos, Juan Antonio Martel Martín, Sonia Barros García, Rocío 2023-05-03T07:48:40Z 2023-05-03T07:48:40Z 2023-04 2071-1050 http://hdl.handle.net/10259/7664 10.3390/su15086649 2071-1050 Environmental awareness and the necessary reduction in costs in industrial processes has facilitated the development of novel techniques such as Additive Manufacturing, decreasing the amount of raw materials and energy needed. The longing for improved materials with different and enhanced properties has resulted in research efforts in the Metal Matrix Composites field. These two novelties combined minimise environmental impacts and costs without compromising technical properties. Two technologies can feed Additive Manufacturing techniques with metallic powder: Gas Atomization and High Energy Ball Milling. This study provides a comparative Life Cycle Assessment of these technologies to produce one kilogram of metallic powder for the Directed Energy Deposition technique: a Ti6Al4V alloy, and a Ti6Al4V-TiC Metal–Matrix Composite, respectively. The LCA methodology is according to ISO 14040:2006, and large amounts of information on the use of raw materials, energy consumption, and environmental impacts is provided. Different impact categories following the Environmental Footprint methodology were analysed, showing a big difference between both technologies, with an 87.8% reduction of kg CO2 eq. emitted by High Energy Ball Milling in comparison with Gas Atomization. In addition, an economic analysis was performed, addressing the viability perspective and decision making and showing a 17.2% cost reduction in the conventional process. This research was funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 814552) in the context of the LightMe project. It also received funds from the Board of Education of Junta de Castilla y León and the European Social Fund (EDU/1508/2020). application/pdf eng MDPI Sustainability. 2023, V. 15, n. 8, 6649 https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086649 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/814552/EU/An Open Innovation Ecosystem for upscaling production processes of lightweight metal alloys composites/LightMe/ Atribución 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Life cycle assessment Metal–matrix composite Additive manufacturing Titanium Gas atomization High energy ball milling Materiales Materials Comparative Life Cycle Assessment and Cost Analysis of the Production of Ti6Al4V-TiC Metal–Matrix Composite Powder by High-Energy Ball Milling and Ti6Al4V Powder by Gas Atomization info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Sustainability 15 8 6649