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<mods:namePart>Revilla Cuesta, Víctor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Skaf Revenga, Marta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Espinosa González, Ana Belén</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Ortega López, Vanesa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued encoding="iso8601">2022-12</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:identifier type="uri">http://hdl.handle.net/10259/8015</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0279313</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="essn">1932-6203</mods:identifier>
<mods:abstract>The COVID-19 lockdown in Spain caused abrupt changes for students following the Bachelor’s Degree in Civil Engineering at the University of Burgos when face-to-face classes&#xd;
switched to online teaching. The recovery of face-to-face teaching after lockdown meant&#xd;
that classes were taught with obligatory social distancing and the use of masks. Teachers&#xd;
were therefore unable to interact with students closely, to perceive their facial expressions&#xd;
during class, or to conduct group work. The changes to civil-engineering teaching linked to&#xd;
the COVID-19 pandemic and the lessons that civil-engineering teachers learnt from the new&#xd;
teaching scenarios are studied in this paper. The reflections of teachers throughout all three&#xd;
stages of the pandemic (pre-pandemic and lockdown, during lockdown, and post-lockdown), and the qualitative and mixed analysis of their responses to a survey of open-ended&#xd;
questions contributed to the identification of six major lessons: (1) asking questions and&#xd;
using real-time quiz tools enliven classes and help to determine which concepts to emphasize for proper student understanding; (2) autonomous student learning can be promoted&#xd;
through the provision of supplementary documentation and the digitalization of solutions to&#xd;
classroom exercises; (3) virtual site visits and real visual examples interspersed with explanations bring concepts closer to their real applications; (4) the delivery of projects in the form&#xd;
of audio-recorded presentations enable their distribution, so that other students can also&#xd;
learn from them as well as the students who created them; (5) online videoconferences,&#xd;
adapted to the concepts that are addressed, facilitate fast and flexible communication with&#xd;
students; and (6) online continuous-assessment exams can promote better student learning&#xd;
patterns and final-exam preparation. Nevertheless, these six lessons were drawn from the&#xd;
experience of teachers at a small Spanish university where the period of solely online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic lasted only four months. Thus, it would be interesting to&#xd;
analyze the experience of civil-engineering teachers at larger universities and universities&#xd;
that had longer periods of solely online teaching. A study of the level of implementation of&#xd;
the six aspects when the pandemic is declared over might also be worthwhile.</mods:abstract>
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<mods:accessCondition type="useAndReproduction">Atribución 4.0 Internacional</mods:accessCondition>
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Teaching lessons learnt by civil-engineering teachers from the COVID-19 pandemic at the University of Burgos, Spain</mods:title>
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