2026-04-17T12:03:10Zhttps://riubu.ubu.es/oai/request

oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/87942024-03-12T01:05:25Zcom_10259_4386com_10259_5086com_10259_2604com_10259_3725com_10259_5841col_10259_4387col_10259_3726col_10259_5842

González Rico, Andrea Di Giusto Valle, Cristina Escolar Llamazares, María del Camino Torre Cruz, Tamara de la Luis Rico, María Isabel Martín Palacio, María Eugenia 2024-03-11T10:34:21Z 2024-03-11T10:34:21Z 2024-03 2076-328X http://hdl.handle.net/10259/8794 10.3390/bs14030173 2076-328X The repercussions of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus over recent years have posed an unprecedented challenge for the whole of society, affecting the well-being of everyone. Among all the variables affected in relation to well-being, Anxiety, Emotional Intelligence, and Effective Personality (Self-Esteem, Academic Self-Realisation, Resolute Self-Efficacy, Social Self-Realisation) have been highlighted. The aim of this study is to assess the evolution of those variables across three temporal phases: pre-pandemic, during the pandemic, and up until the end of the study in April 2022. A study was conducted during these temporal phases with three cohorts from Spanish Universities. The cohorts were formed of people assessed for Anxiety (660 pre-pandemic, 460 during the pandemic, and 311 at the end of the study), Emotional Intelligence (355 pre-pandemic, 91 during the pandemic, 311 at the end of the study), and Effective Personality (708 pre-pandemic, 174 in 2018, 311 at the end of the study). Anxiety was assessed with the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, Emotional Intelligence with the Trait Meta-Mood Scale and TMMS-24, and Effective Personality with the Cuestionario Personalidad Eficaz-Universidad (the Effective Personality Questionnaire-University). The results showed a rise in the state of anxiety during COVID-19, with a subsequent reduction two years into the pandemic; however, anxiety rates remained higher than before the pandemic. Emotional intelligence increased in the emotional attention factor, but diminished as regards both clarity and regulation. Effective Personality was at lower levels for all factors (Self-Esteem, Academic Self-Realisation, Resolute Self-Efficacy, Social Self-Realisation). The main conclusion was the need for assistance with the dimensions under study, in order to improve the well-being of university students after the serious effects caused by COVID-19. application/pdf eng MDPI Behavioral Sciences. 2024, V. 14, n. 3, 173 https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14030173 Atribución 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Anxiety COVID-19 Emotional intelligence Effective personality University students Psicología Enseñanza superior Psychology Education, Higher Evolution of Anxiety, Emotional Intelligence, and Effective Personality after COVID-19 among Spanish University Students info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Behavioral Sciences 14 3 173