2026-04-23T00:00:31Zhttps://riubu.ubu.es/oai/request

oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/94862024-07-26T00:05:16Zcom_10259_6168com_10259_5086com_10259_2604col_10259_6169

Processing Optimization and Toxicological Evaluation of “Lead-Free” Piezoceramics: A KNN-Based Case Study Iacomini, Antonio . Tamayo Ramos, Juan Antonio Rumbo Lorenzo, Carlos Urgen, Irem Mureddu, Marzia Mulas, Gabriele Enzo, Stefano Garroni, Sebastiano Lead-free piezoceramics Sodium potassium niobate Processing Toxicity assays X-ray diffraction Mechanochemistry Due to the ever-increasing limitations of the use of lead-based materials, the manufacturing of lead-free piezoceramics with competitive piezoelectric properties and established nontoxicity is considered a priority for the scientific and industrial community. In this work, a lead-free system based on sodium potassium niobate (KNN), opportunely modified with MgNb2O6 (MN), was prepared through a combination of a mechanochemical activation method and air sintering, and its toxicity was evaluated. The effect of the mechanical processing on the microstructure refinement of the processed powders was established by X-ray diffraction and the average crystallite size content of the Nb2O5 species was evaluated. The experimental evidence was rationalized using a phenomenological model which permitted us to obtain the amount of powder processed at each collision and to optimize the activation step of the pre-calcined reagents. This influenced the final density and piezoresponse of the as-sintered pellets, which showed optimal properties compared with other KNN systems. Their toxicological potential was evaluated through exposure experiments to the pulverized KNN-based pellets, employing two widely used human and environmental cellular models. The in vitro assays proved, under the selected conditions, the absence of cytotoxicity of KNN-bases systems here studied. 2024-07-25T11:55:54Z 2024-07-25T11:55:54Z 2024-07-25T11:55:54Z 2021-08-03 info:eu-repo/semantics/article 1996-1944 http://hdl.handle.net/10259/9486 10.3390/ma14154337 1996-1944 eng Materials. 2021, V. 14, n. 15, 4337 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14154337 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Atribución 4.0 Internacional MDPI