RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 Biodegradation of carbon materials by environmental peroxidases depends on the type of allotropic form A1 Wang, Tengfei A1 Dasgupta, Nandita A1 Artiga, Álvaro A1 Janica, Iwona A1 Tamayo Ramos, Juan Antonio A1 Rumbo Lorenzo, Carlos A1 Bianco, Alberto K1 Graphene K1 Single-wall carbon nanotube K1 Pichia pastoris K1 Manganese peroxidase K1 Horseradish peroxidase K1 Raman K1 Carbono K1 Carbon K1 Grafenos K1 Graphene K1 Biodegradación K1 Biodegradation AB Carbon nanomaterials, possessing unique properties and advantages, exhibit broad application prospects.However, their potential risks to life and the environment have constrained their development. Investigatingvarious degradation strategies can mitigate their adverse effects and expand their applications, particularlywithin the fields of life and materials sciences. Peroxidases are widely utilized for degradation due to theircapability to catalyse the breakdown of various organic compounds. In this study, three peroxidases, namelyhorseradish peroxidase (HRP), Pichia pastoris-expressed Eucodis® peroxidase (EP 13), and manganese peroxidase(MnP), were selected to investigate their effects on the enzymatic biodegradation of different allotropic forms ofcarbon materials, including graphene and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). The obvious increase of defects and decomposition of the structures were demonstrated for graphene by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM) after the treatment with these peroxidases. No degradation was insteadobserved in the enzyme-treated pristine SWCNT. The differences of degradation in two carbon nanomaterials aresupposed to result from their distinct physicochemical properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) andthermogravimetric analysis (TGA) evidenced that a number of oxygen-containing functional groups are presentin graphene, likely providing the catalytic sites for the peroxidase action thus facilitating its degradation, aspreviously demonstrated using other types of oxidative conditions PB Elsevier SN 2213-3437 YR 2025 FD 2025-10 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10259/11734 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10259/11734 LA eng NO This work is supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 953152 (DIAGONAL). The authors would like to thank Simone Ligi from Graphene-XT, and Gunther Van Kerckhove from OCSiAl Europe Sarl from providing the materials and critically reading the manuscript, Cathy Royer from Plateforme Imagerie In Vitro de l’ITI Neurostra (CNRS UAR 3156, University of Strasbourg) for the sample fixation and TEM observations. N. D. would like to acknowledge the financial support received from Maria Zambrano aid modality financed by Next Generation EU DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Burgos RD 28-may-2026