https://hdl.handle.net/10259/5787 2026-11-01T17:55:28Z https://hdl.handle.net/10259/12276 A Mediation Model between Self-Esteem, Anxiety, and Depression in Sport: the Role of Gender Differences in Speleologists Torre Cruz, Tamara de la; Luis Rico, María Isabel; Di Giusto Valle, Cristina; Escolar Llamazares, María del Camino; Hortigüela Alcalá, David; Palmero Cámara, María del Carmen; Jiménez, Alfredo The scientific literature on mental health has found an association between physical activity and emotional wellbeing and recommends active leisure activities as a way of keeping stress under control. The purpose of this research study is to analyze the level of anxiety, the symptoms of depression and the level of self-esteem of people practicing speleology, as well as possible gender differences. This paper also attempts to understand whether self-esteemis associated with the presence of symptoms of depression in speleologists and whether anxiety has a mediating effect. We conduct a cross-sectional and descriptive research studywith a sampling of 105 adult speleologists. The results reveal that the total mediation model is applicable, as self-esteem has a significant indirect association with depression through trait anxiety, as well as a partial mediation model that is applicable through state anxiety. This means that speleologists with high levels of self-esteem, who appreciate and value themselves adequately, reveal lower levels of trait anxiety, and this negatively influences their levels of depression (that is, a lower level of depressive symptoms). At the same time, speleologists with high levels of self-esteem, who appreciate and value themselves adequately, also reveal lower levels of state anxiety, which again has a negative impact on their levels of depression (with fewer symptoms of depression). Emotions such as anxiety, self-esteem, depression and their collateral effects are international topics of interest, which are relevant for people from all sporting backgrounds; therefore, value should be placed on supporting and carrying out further research into this topic. 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10259/12143 Health models and the quest for the ‘healthy’ body. analysis of adolescents’ experiences using Instagram Hortigüela Alcalá, David; Pérez Pueyo, Ángel; González Calvo, Gustavo; Sánchez Miguel, Pedro Antonio What counts as a the preferred/culturally dominant model of health is clearly influenced by political, social and cultural aspects, as well as by the media. This has a direct impact on adolescents, since there is a greater pressure to achieve the canons established as ideals. Young people’s ideas about health are shaped by their personal circumstances and their social and cultural contexts. As research has indicated, social media plays a major role in this process, with Instagram one of the most popular sites/platforms. In this paper we provide the results of qualitative study designed to examine of adolescents’ experiences of using Instagram in relation to the field of health. The theory of social influence is used as the theoretical axis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Spanish students (5 girls and 3 boys) who acknowledged using Instagram to improve their healthy habits participated in the study. Three categories of responses were identified from an analysis of the interview data: a) ‘My conception of health’; b) ‘Instagram and healthy living’; and c) ‘Why do I follow these influencers?’. The main conception of health for participants was associated with having a socially ideal body. Participants described how they used Instagram for the large amount of audiovisual content it offers, in many cases prioritizing social success over health outcomes. This research helps to understand the role influencers have in translating and promoting health messages and meanings. 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10259/12138 ‘I have normalised being treated differently’. Analysis of the experiences of foreign students in Physical Education Hortigüela Alcalá, David; Pérez Pueyo, Ángel; Barba Martín, Raúl A.; Bores García, Daniel; González Calvo, Gustavo Purpose: The aim of the study is to analyse the experiences of 7 students (4 girls and 3 boys) from different continents (Africa, Asia and South America) in Physical Education, in order to know to what extent, they have perceived racism. Their guardians also participated. All the students have experienced their compulsory schooling in Spain. Methods: The research is framed under the theory of culturally relevant pedagogy. A qualitative approach is used in which three categories of analysis are established: (a) Perception of social discrimination; (b) Effect on self-esteem and emotional implications; (c) Learning limitations in Physical Education. Interviews with students and focus groups with guardians, where the data collection techniques are/were used. Findings & conclusions: The results show how students have suffered covert racism in the classroom, specifically in Physical Education, observed in a diversity of behaviours and actions linked to the colour of their skin, their accent, their physical features and even their body odour. This, despite their subliminal acceptance of it, has generated frustration, powerlessness and diminished self-esteem, as well as a bad relationship with the subject. Guardians recognize the experience of these forms of discrimination and emphasize that racism still exists in society and in schools, and that there is a lack of mechanisms and procedures to eradicate it. It is essential to continue researching how to approach a teaching of Physical Education that moves away from any type of discrimination, but this article is already a first step in giving a voice to those who suffer from it. 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10259/12085 Attitudinal style and basic psychological needs of university students: a qualitative study based on self-determination theory Álvarez Sánchez, José Luis; Pérez Pueyo, Ángel; Salicetti Fonseca, Alejandro; Hortigüela Alcalá, David; Sánchez Miguel, Pedro Antonio This study adopts an exploratory qualitative design to analyze the effects of the Attitudinal Style emerging pedagogical model, alongside the implementation of self-regulated learning strategies, on the Basic Psychological Needs of university students enrolled in the bachelor’s degree in Human Movement Sciences. The research is framed within Self-Determination Theory, which emphasizes the role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in motivation and learning. Data were collected using a set of open-ended questions as the primary data collection tool. A total of 76 university students (56 males and 20 females, aged 18 to 23 years) participated in the study. Results suggest that the Attitudinal Style model, through its emphasis on autonomy support and the promotion of self-regulated learning, may enhance students' Basic Psychological Needs, fostering a more inclusive and motivating educational environment; El estudio adopta un diseño cualitativo exploratorio para analizar los efectos del modelo pedagógico emergente Estilo Actitudinal, junto con la implementación de estrategias de aprendizaje autorregulado, sobre las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas de estudiantes universitarios matriculados en la licenciatura en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano. La investigación se enmarca en la Teoría de la Autodeterminación, que enfatiza el papel de la autonomía, la competencia y la relación en la motivación y el aprendizaje. Los datos se obtuvieron utilizando un conjunto de preguntas abiertas como principal herramienta de recolección. Participaron en el estudio un total de 76 estudiantes universitarios (56 hombres y 20 mujeres, con edades entre 18 y 23 años). Los resultados sugieren que el modelo Estilo Actitudinal, mediante su énfasis en el apoyo a la autonomía y el uso del aprendizaje autorregulado, puede potenciar las Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas de los estudiantes, fomentando un ambiente educativo más inclusivo y motivador 2026-09-01T00:00:00Z