https://hdl.handle.net/10259/5841 2026-10-31T13:25:41Z https://hdl.handle.net/10259/12306 Tobacco and vaping exposure among Spanish adolescents: an analysis of digital, social, school, and family environments Sota Rodrigo, Cristina; Escolar Llamazares, María del Camino; Mercado Val, Elvira Isabel; Sáiz Manzanares, María Consuelo; Martínez Martín, María Ángeles Introduction: Involuntary exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) and secondhand aerosol from electronic cigarettes (SHA) persists in homes, vehicles, educational settings, and recreational spaces, increasing adolescents’ risk of respiratory infections, asthma, and impaired lung development1. The study aim was to examine among Spanish adolescents, aged 12–21 years, the associations between: 1) the presence of social models who smoke or vape (parents, siblings, peers, teachers); 2) self-perceived exposure to smoke or aerosol in physical environments (home, school, car, public spaces); 3) digital exposure to both antitobacco messaging and vaping-related content on social media and video platforms; and 4) age-based sales restrictions for nicotine products. We hypothesized that higher levels of physical or digital exposure and the presence of smoking or vaping role models would be associated with greater likelihood of trying conventional or electronic cigarettes. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 2823 students (mean age=13.8 ± 1.2 years; 49.2% female) in public and charter schools between 2021 and 2024. A validated questionnaire (Cronbach’s α=0.72–0.84) assessed experimental tobacco and vaping use, social models, physical and digital exposures, and purchase attempts/denials. Analyses included bivariate tests (χ2, Cramér’s V), logistic regression for tobacco experimentation and multiple linear regression for vaping. Results: Among participants, 21% had tried cigarettes and 8.3% had used e-cigarettes. Tobacco experimentation was significantly associated with having smoking friends (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=4.47; 95% CI: 3.30–6.06), smoking siblings (AOR=1.87; 95% CI: 1.32–2.64), and exposure to smoking at school (AOR=1.87; 95% CI: 1.39–2.50) or concerts (AOR=1.83; 95% CI: 1.21–2.77). Conversely, exposure at beaches or swimming pools was linked to lower odds (AOR=0.54; 95% CI: 0.36–0.82). E-cigarette use was positively associated with exposure to anti-tobacco media messages (β=0.264, p<0.001), vaping content in online videos (β=0.098, p=0.021), and having smoking friends (β=0.118, p=0.038). Each β indicates the estimated increase in the normalized vaping score per unit increase in the corresponding exposure. Additionally, being denied nicotine product purchases due to age restrictions was linked to greater odds of e-cigarette experimentation (AOR=2.87; 95% CI: 1.94–4.23). Conclusions: Τhe findings suggest that family and peer models, as well as passive exposure in both physical and digital environments, may be associated with adolescent initiation of tobacco and vaping. These associations highlight the importance of conducting further longitudinal studies to explore causal mechanisms and inform the development of effective prevention strategies tailored to adolescents’ social and digital contexts. 2025-10-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10259/12301 Experiencias del proceso de recuperación tras un intento de suicidio. Un estudio cualitativo Villar Castaño, Elena; Escolar Llamazares, María del Camino Antecedentes: El suicidio es la primera causa de muerte externa en España. Dado que el intento de suicidio previo es un factor de riesgo, resulta esencial analizar los procesos de recuperación y sus consecuencias. Objetivo: Conocer las necesidades individuales tras un intento de suicidio para generar un nuevo proyecto de vida en el proceso de recuperación. Método: Estudio cualitativo mediante entrevista en profundidad diseñada ad hoc. Participaron 17 personas. Los testimonios se analizaron con Atlas.ti 9. Resultados: Se identificaron 7 categorías relacionadas con las macrocategorías: proceso de recuperación (reconstrucción personal, terapia y apoyo como soluciones, apoyo social sano y estable); necesidades individuales (barreras en la recuperación y expresión sin juicios); y nuevos proyectos de vida (proyectos cotidianos y equilibrio entre incertidumbre y vida nueva). Conclusiones: Es fundamental conocer las necesidades tras un intento de suicidio y fomentar nuevos proyectos de vida para mejorar las intervenciones y lograr bienestar a largo plazo. 2025-12-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10259/12300 Descriptive Study on State and Trait Anxiety Levels in University Students and Their Potential Influencing Factors Quevedo Bayona, Itziar; Escolar Llamazares, María del Camino; Martínez Martín, María Ángeles; Adell Carrasco, Francisco Luis While anxiety can be adaptive at moderate levels, it may also develop into a clinical disorder when it becomes excessively intense. In the university academic environment, such disorders not only affect the students’ academic performance but also their overall well-being. This study aims to analyze anxiety levels among students at the University of Burgos and identify factors that may influence the manifestation of anxiety. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was administrated digitally to 302 students (74 men, 228 women) from the University of Burgos via Microsoft Forms, following a cross-sectional quantitative research design. The study revealed high levels of both state and trait anxiety among the student sample. While trait anxiety levels were similar between genders, women tended to report higher state anxiety. Students in technical fields and those fully dedicated to their studies exhibited higher trait anxiety. Additionally, age, academic discipline, and living away from one’s hometown significantly predicted higher state anxiety. Age and exclusive academic dedication also predicted higher trait anxiety. These findings emphasize the importance of addressing anxiety differences across student subgroups and providing targeted support during this critical developmental period. 2025-10-01T00:00:00Z https://hdl.handle.net/10259/12296 Education and entrepreneurship: entrepreneurial training in secondary education and its impact on entrepreneurial interest in the United States and Spain Digón Arroba, Consuelo; Escolar Llamazares, María del Camino; Di Giusto Valle, Cristina; Torre Cruz, Tamara de la; Luis Rico, María Isabel; Palmero Cámara, María del Carmen; Jiménez, Alfredo The pivotal role of education and entrepreneurial training in fostering economic growth, recovery and societal advancement is widely recognized. This study examines the influence of entrepreneurial training in secondary education on students’ entrepreneurial interest in the United States and Spain, exploring how tailored educational approaches can shape future entrepreneurial ecosystems. Specifically, the objective of this study is to show and to analyze the relation that exists between training in financial knowledge and the didactic methods associated with entrepreneurial interest. An explanatory and transversal type of design is proposed. The entrepreneurial interest of students at Burgos University (Spain), with no formal business education and where actions to promote entrepreneurial spirit are limited, is compared with a sample from Washtenaw in the state of Michigan where entrepreneurship education has achieved a notable degree of maturity. The sample under study amounted to 276 students, between 13 and 17 years of age. The results confirmed the positive influence of entrepreneurship education as a factor that improved the entrepreneurial interest of the students from both Burgos and Michigan. Investigations are needed that follow students who subsequently become entrepreneurs over time to know which subjects taught at school were most useful when starting out as an entrepreneur. 2025-08-01T00:00:00Z