2026-05-23T08:19:49Zhttps://riubu.ubu.es/oai/requestoai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/114552026-03-17T23:42:19Zcom_10259_11274com_10259_5086com_10259_2604col_10259_11275
Gutiérrez García, Aida
847
600
0000-0003-3532-3208
Líbano Miralles, Mario del
848
600
0000-0001-6190-2778
Fernández-Martín, Andrés
3e7a3c70-711f-47e6-8560-9da9520e4521
Gutiérrez Calvo, Manuel
9513e39b-bf51-4913-8fd1-edeec690f959
2026-03-02T07:38:03Z
2026-03-02T07:38:03Z
2025
0269-9931
https://hdl.handle.net/10259/11455
10.1080/02699931.2025.2479175
1464-0600
Blended facial expressions with a smiling mouth but non-happy eyes (neutral, sad, etc.) are often (incorrectly) judged as “happy”. We investigated the time course of this phenomenon, both forward and backward. To do this, we varied the order of presentation of a prime stimulus (upper half of a face) and a probe (lower half of a face) stimulus, and their display durations. The forward and the backward influence of the smile was assessed when the mouth was seen before or after the eyes. Participants categorised the eye expression when the mouth and the eyes were congruent or incongruent. Results showed that, as a forward prime, a smiling mouth biased the recognition of incongruent (non-happy) eyes as if they were happy. The effect started as early as 100 ms and dissipated by 1000 ms. As a backward prime, the smile also biased recognition of non-happy eye expressions as happy for at least the first 300 ms. These results suggest, respectively, that the presence of a smiling mouth impairs the accurate encoding and memory for non-happy eyes. Angry eyes are the least susceptible to this effect, probably due to their distinctiveness. An alternative response (rather than sensitivity) bias was partially ruled out.
This research was supported by Grant PSI2014-54720-P from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, awarded to Manuel G. Calvo.
application/pdf
eng
Routledge
Cognition and Emotion. 2026, V. 40, n. 1, p. 65–81
https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2025.2479175
Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Smile
Facial expression
Non-happy eyes
Blended expressions
Time course
Psicología
Expresión facial
Psychology
Facial expression
A smile hampers encoding and memory for non-happy eyes in a face: temporal dynamics and importance of initial fixation
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
Cognition and Emotion
40
1
65
81
THUMBNAIL
Gutierrez-ce_2026.pdf.jpg
Gutierrez-ce_2026.pdf.jpg
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https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/11455/4/Gutierrez-ce_2026.pdf.jpg
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LICENSE
license.txt
license.txt
text/plain; charset=utf-8
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https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/11455/3/license.txt
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CC-LICENSE
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https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/11455/2/license_rdf
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ORIGINAL
Gutierrez-ce_2026.pdf
Gutierrez-ce_2026.pdf
application/pdf
1573571
https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/11455/1/Gutierrez-ce_2026.pdf
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MD5
1
10259/11455
oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/11455
2026-03-18 00:42:19.063
Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Burgos
bubrep@ubu.es
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