2026-07-11T18:24:55Zhttps://riubu.ubu.es/oai/request

oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/118992026-07-04T00:05:25Zcom_10259_11209com_10259_5086com_10259_2604col_10259_11210

Sousa-Rufino, Carlos Pareja-Galeano, Helios Martínez Ferrán, María 2026-07-03T11:03:53Z 2026-07-03T11:03:53Z 2025-02 2072-6643 https://hdl.handle.net/10259/11899 10.3390/nu17040602 Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the consumption of dietary supplements (DS) in semi-professional male and professional female Spanish foot-ball players. Methods: The study involved 129 football players (92 men and 37 women) who completed a validated, self-administered questionnaire on the use of DS in athletes. Results: The results indicated that 96.12% of the sample reported taking DS, with the main reason for consumption being performance enhancement. The most commonly consumed DS were creatine monohydrate (66.77%), caffeine (56.59%), whey protein (48.06%), isotonic drinks (37.21%), vitamin D (27.91%), energy bars (27.13%), magnesium (20.93%), and vita-min C (20.16%). Additionally, significant differences were found between sexes regarding vitamin D consumption (p < 0.05; OR = 3.27 [0.36–2.00]). According to the Australian Institute of Sport DS classification, group A was the most consumed, followed by group B. Significant sex differences were found in the consumption of sports foods (p = 0.034; OR = 3.25 [0.05–2.31]) and medical supplements (p < 0.001; OR = 3.75 [0.52–2.12]). Sex differences were also found in place of purchase, source of recommendation, as well as the situation and timing of consumption (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The use of DS among Spanish football players was prevalent at 96.12%, with creatine monohydrate, caffeine, and whey protein being the most commonly consumed. Differences in consumption patterns were noted between sexes. eng MDPI Nutrients. 2025, V. 17, n. 4, art. 602 https:// doi.org/10.3390/nu17040602 Atribución 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Dietary supplements Football Soccer Nutrition Ergogenic aids Performance Deportistas-Alimentación Suplementos nutricionales Athletes-Nutrition Dietary supplements Dietary Supplement Use in Competitive Spanish Football Players and Differences According to Sex info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Nutrients 17 4