2026-07-12T19:30:35Zhttps://riubu.ubu.es/oai/request

oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/119102026-07-10T00:05:17Zcom_10259_11209com_10259_5086com_10259_2604col_10259_11210

00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Apellaniz-Ruiz, Maria author Barrachina, Jordi author Castro-Sanchez, Paula author Comes-Raga, Ana author García-González, Xandra author Gil-Rodriguez, Almudena author Lopez-Lopez, Elixabet author Maroñas, Olalla author Morón, Rocío author Muriel, Javier author Olivera, Gladys G. author Riera, Pau author Saiz-Rodríguez, Miriam author Salvador-Martín, Sara author Sans-Pola, Carla author Tejera-Pérez, Hugo author Velasco-Ruiz, Alejandro author Verde, Zoraida author Wang, Daniel author Rodríguez-Vicente, Ana E. author Nunez-Torres, Rocio author 2025-11 Introduction: Pharmacogenetics (PGx) has the potential to improve patient care, allowing to transform medical interventions by providing personalized therapeutic strategies. Scientific evidence supports the use of PGx in clinical practice and international organizations are developing clinical guidelines to facilitate the utilization of PGx testing. However, clinical implementation of PGx is limited and unequal worldwide. Content: This review summarizes regional and national Spanish initiatives to implement PGx in the clinical practice. Summary and Outlook: Diverse strategies to implement PGx in healthcare are applied across countries or even in the different regions of a specific country. Such was the case of Spain, a European country with 17 Autonomous Regions and two Autonomous Cities, each onewith capacity tomanage their own healthcare systems. Nevertheless, during the past years, many initiatives and strategies have been launched in Spain to develop different aspects of PGx. Importantly, the National Healthcare System has approved a PGx testing catalogue. This review highlights the crucial work and efforts of scientific societies (like the Spanish Society of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics), of experts in PGx, of healthcare providers and of governmental parties in the implementation of PGx to personalize patient therapy, focused in Spain. https://hdl.handle.net/10259/11910 10.1515/dmpt-2024-0042 2363-8915 Clinical implementation Personalized medicine Pharmacogenetics Pharmacogenomics Spanish national healthcare system Status of the implementation of pharmacogenetics in clinical practice in Spain: from regional to national initiatives