2026-10-20T02:37:08Zhttps://riubu.ubu.es/oai/request

oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/122842026-10-20T00:05:23Zcom_10259_5841com_10259_5086com_10259_2604col_10259_5842

Sota Rodrigo, Cristina 885 600 0009-0004-9203-6875 Escolar Llamazares, María del Camino 160 600 0000-0003-2448-0267 Mercado Val, Elvira 365 600 0000-0001-6142-0154 Martínez Martín, María Ángeles 346 600 0000-0001-6295-7340 Sanllorente Rodríguez, Ángela cef76b08-90f3-4175-bcf7-2537ba0f7178 Sáiz Manzanares, María Consuelo 510 600 0000-0002-1736-2089 2026-10-19T11:40:13Z 2026-10-19T11:40:13Z 2025-06 2213-3984 https://hdl.handle.net/10259/12284 10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102109 Introduction: The onset of tobacco use is occurring at increasingly younger ages. Numerous studies have identified risk and protective factors associated with smoking in adolescents, with family factors being among the most influential. Likewise, the group of friends and the role of teachers as role models also exert a notable influence on the onset of consumption. Objective: To analyze the influence of social and family role models on tobacco consumption in adolescents, considering these factors as elements of the microenvironment. Method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at three points (2011, 2016 and 2019). The sample, incidental in nature, consisted of 3928 Spanish students aged 12–14 years, enrolled in Compulsory Secondary Education in 54 educational centers. Data collection was performed by means of a self-administered questionnaire designed ad hoc, with adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha). Previously, a health education and prevention program developed by the Spanish Association Against Cancer (Asociaci´ on Espa˜ nola Contra el C´ancer) was applied. Both the intervention and data collection complied with the established ethical principles. Statistical analysis included descriptive techniques, bivariate and multivariate analyses and binary logistic regression models. Results: The influence of family and social models on tobacco use varied between cohorts. The paternal figure showed an influence of 1.3 % in 2011, .7 % in 2016, and 0.8 % in 2019; the maternal figure of 2.2 %, 1.5 % and 0.3 %, respectively. Siblings had an influence of 4.3 % in 2011, 1.6 % in 2016 and 0.5 % in 2019. The influence of the best friend was 23.2 % in 2011, 18.7 % in 2016 and 1.7 % in 2019. The figure of the teacher was relevant in 2011 (0.9 %) and 2019 (0.4 %). Regarding multivariate predictive models, in 2011 older age explained 10.5 % of consumption. In 2016, older age, peer pressure and less family communication explained 20.4 %. In 2019, younger age, more available money and peer pressure explained 2.4 % of consumption. Conclusions: The results reinforce the importance of social and family patterns as risk factors in the early stages of adolescent smoking. The multicausal nature of smoking in this vital stage justifies the design of preventive interventions aimed at modifying risk factors and promoting protective factors. application/pdf eng Elsevier Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 2025, V. 34, 102109 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102109 Atribución 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Tobacco Adolescents Consumption Models Family Friends Adolescentes-Consumo de tabaco Teenagers-Tobacco use Influence of microenvironmental factors on tobacco consumption among Spanish youth info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 34 THUMBNAIL Sota-cegh_2025.pdf.jpg Sota-cegh_2025.pdf.jpg IM Thumbnail image/jpeg 4880 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/12284/4/Sota-cegh_2025.pdf.jpg 13cf6a23ae81bc5b880cf6b9bf6a726f MD5 4 LICENSE license.txt license.txt text/plain; charset=utf-8 999 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/12284/3/license.txt b295bcbce42e2caabeb0c623d3860c06 MD5 3 CC-LICENSE license_rdf license_rdf application/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8 908 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/12284/2/license_rdf 0175ea4a2d4caec4bbcc37e300941108 MD5 2 ORIGINAL Sota-cegh_2025.pdf Sota-cegh_2025.pdf application/pdf 559699 https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/12284/1/Sota-cegh_2025.pdf 88009b3ba1ff691500aa3a57d8355b6e MD5 1 10259/12284 oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/12284 2026-10-20 02:05:23.341 Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Burgos bubrep@ubu.es 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