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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Perdomo Hernández, Germán M. author Merino, Beatriz author Fernández Díaz, Cristina M. . author Cózar Castellano, Irene author 2020-01 The worldwide epidemics of obesity and diabetes have been linked to increased sugar consumption in humans. Here, we review fructose and glucose metabolism, as well as potential molecular mechanisms by which excessive sugar consumption is associated to metabolic diseases and insulin resistance in humans. To this end, we focus on understanding molecular and cellular mechanisms of fructose and glucose transport and sensing in the intestine, the intracellular signaling effects of dietary sugar metabolism, and its impact on glucose homeostasis in health and disease. Finally, the peripheral and central effects of dietary sugars on the gut–brain axis will be reviewed. http://hdl.handle.net/10259/5242 10.3390/nu12010094 2072-6643 fructose glucose small intestine liver brain gut-brain axis non-alcoholic fatty liver insulin resistance metabolic syndrome type 2 diabetes mellitus Intestinal fructose and glucose metabolism in health and disease