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oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/82162023-12-19T01:05:21Zcom_10259_4839com_10259_5086com_10259_2604com_10259_4141com_10259_4415com_10259_3989com_10259.4_106col_10259_4840col_10259_4142col_10259_4416

00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Cubo Delgado, Esther author Trejo Gabriel y Galán, José Mª author Ausín Villaverde, Vanesa author Sáez Velasco, Sara author Delgado Benito, Vanesa author Macarrón Vicente, Jesus author Cordero Guevara, José author Louis, Elan D. author Kompoliti, Katie author Benito-León, Julián author 2013-07 Objective: To analyze the association between tic disorders and poor academic performance in school-aged children. Study design: This was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted in a randomly selected sample of mainstream school-aged children (aged 6-16 years). The sampling frame included different types of schools and educational levels. Children with poor academic performance (eg, repeating a grade, special needs), and tic disorders (defined based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision criteria) were identified. Children with and without tics and children with and without poor academic performance were compared in terms of clinical features (ie, medical history and neurologic and psychiatric comorbidities), school, and environmental characteristics. Logistic regression analyses were performed using school performance (dependent variable) and tic disorders (independent variable), after adjusting for confounding variables. Results: The study cohort comprised 1867 children (mean age, 10.9 + 2.9 years; 1007 males [53.9%]). Tics were present in 162 children (8.6%), and poor academic performance was noted in 223 (11.9%). Overall poor academic performance was associated with age (OR, 1.71; P < .0001), television viewing (OR, 5.33; P = .04), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (OR, 1.38; P < .0001), and family history of school dysfunction (OR, 2.43; P = .02) and was negatively associated with higher IQ score (OR, 0.90; P < .0001) and tic disorders (OR, 0.29; P = .01). Conclusion: After adjusting for other covariates, the presence of tic disorders was not associated with poor academic performance in our cohort. Early academic support and modification of environmental characteristics are needed for children at higher risk for school dysfunction, to enhance academic performance. 0022-3476 http://hdl.handle.net/10259/8216 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.12.030 Tics Movement disorders Epidemiology School dysfunction Association of Tic Disorders with Poor Academic Performance in Central Spain: A Population-Based Study