2026-05-30T17:00:54Zhttps://riubu.ubu.es/oai/request

oai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/91872024-05-28T00:05:22Zcom_10259_4219com_10259_5086com_10259_2604col_10259_4220

00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Rodríguez García, Bruno author Ramírez Sanz, José Miguel author Miguel Alonso, Inés author Bustillo Iglesias, Andrés author 2024-05-17 Given the difficulty of explaining the unwrapping process through traditional teaching methodologies, this article presents the design, development, and validation of an immersive Virtual Reality (VR) serious game, named Unwrap 3D Virtual: Ready (UVR), aimed at facilitating the learning of unwrapping 3D models. The game incorporates animations to aid users in understanding the unwrapping process, following Mayer’s Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning and Gamification principles. Structured into four levels of increasing complexity, users progress through different aspects of 3D model unwrapping, with the final level allowing for result review. A sample of 53 students with experience in 3D modeling was categorized based on device (PC or VR) and previous experience (XP) in VR, resulting in Low-XP, Mid-XP, and High-XP groups. Hierarchical clustering identified three clusters, reflecting varied user behaviors. Results from surveys assessing game experience, presence, and satisfaction show higher immersion reported by VR users despite greater satisfaction being observed in the PC group due to a bug in the VR version. Novice users exhibited higher satisfaction, which was attributed to the novelty effect, while experienced users demonstrated greater control and proficiency. 2079-9292 http://hdl.handle.net/10259/9187 10.3390/electronics13101972 2079-9292 Virtual reality Learning Unwrapping 3D model Usability Satisfaction Serious game Education Hierarchical cluster Enhancing Learning of 3D Model Unwrapping through Virtual Reality Serious Game: Design and Usability Validation