2026-05-06T08:45:05Zhttps://riubu.ubu.es/oai/requestoai:riubu.ubu.es:10259/96832024-11-12T01:05:09Zcom_10259_8983com_10259_5086com_10259_2604col_10259_8984
Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Burgos
author
Ruiz González, Rubén
author
Stombaugh, Tim
author
Martínez-Martínez, Víctor
author
Gómez Gil, Jaime
2024-11-11T09:59:18Z
2024-11-11T09:59:18Z
2017-08
0168-1699
http://hdl.handle.net/10259/9683
10.1016/j.compag.2017.08.003
The cost of current flow rate measurement devices is quite high compared to the cost of low-end microphones. This circumstance, together with the fact that common agricultural sprayers have more than 50 nozzles, makes the use of current flow rate measurement devices cost-prohibitive. That considered, this article examines, by proposing one particular method, the feasibility of using microphones as flowmeters for nozzle tips in agricultural sprayers. The proposed method consists of the following stages: (i) acquisition of the digital acoustic data sequence, (ii) signal preprocessing, (iii) frequency domain transformation using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis, (iv) in-band power calculation, (v) power normalization, and (vi) regression or curve fitting. This method was assessed in an in-lab sprayer test bench employing 11 commercial nozzle tips at several operating flow rates within or close to those recommended by the manufacturers. The experimental results yielded, for all the tested nozzle tips, average absolute and relative Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values always below 0.08 liters per minute (lpm) and 5%, respectively, while the overall mean absolute and relative RMSE values were lower than 0.05 lpm and 2.5%. Furthermore, for each tested nozzle tip, the Maximum Absolute Error (MAE) was always bounded below 0.3 lpm, being the absolute error lower than 0.15 lpm for 95% of the time. The accuracies when employing a high-end microphone instead of a low-end one presented no statistically significant differences. These results provide strong evidence of the feasibility of accurately estimating the nozzle tip flow rate in real time based on acoustic signals. Moreover, no significant improvements are to be expected by using a high-end microphone instead of a low-end one. However, there are still some issues that should be tackled in order to enable the application of this method in real agricultural settings.
eng
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
Agricultural sprayer nozzle
Flowmeter
Acoustic signal
Microphone
Frequency analysis
Cost-effective solution
An acoustic method for flow rate estimation in agricultural sprayer nozzles
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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URL
https://riubu.ubu.es/bitstream/10259/9683/1/Ruiz-cea_2017.pdf
File
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d26332275c07c7a6c4db806a17b99019
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application/pdf
Ruiz-cea_2017.pdf