RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 In silico exploration of graphene nanoflakes: From DFT simulations to machine learning-driven toxicity predictions A1 Aguilar Cuesta, Nuria A1 Fuente Gamero, Patricia de la A1 Fernández Pampín, Natalia A1 Martel Martín, Sonia A1 Gómez Cuadrado, Laura A1 Marcos Villa, Pedro A. A1 Bol Arreba, Alfredo A1 Rumbo Lorenzo, Carlos A1 Aparicio Martínez, Santiago K1 Graphene nanoflakes K1 Density Functional Theory (DFT) K1 In silico toxicity K1 Machine learning K1 Nano-bio interactions K1 Química K1 Chemistry K1 Química física K1 Chemistry, Physical and theoretical AB The present theoretical work provides a ground-breaking and comprehensive study of graphene nanoflakes integrating Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations, toxicity predictions and a machine learning approach. The properties of graphene nanoflakes as a function of size, shape, and symmetry are systematically analysed using DFT calculations. The interaction of these nanoflakes with human proteins and cell membranes, considered as Molecular Initiating Events for diverse Adverse Outcome Pathways, is explored to infer potential toxicity effects. Leveraging the generated data, machine learning models were developed to predict flake properties and biological interactions. A single score representing the biological interaction or impact of graphene nanoflakes on both proteins and plasma membranes is assigned to each evaluated nanoflake to infer its potential toxicity. Our multiscale approach bring valuable insights into the structure-property-toxicity relationships of graphene nanoflakes, paving the way for their safe and efficient design and application. PB Elsevier SN 2452-0748 YR 2025 FD 2025-04 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10259/10524 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10259/10524 LA eng NO This work was funded by European Union H2020 Program (H2020-NMBP-TO-IND-2020-twostage-DIAGONAL-GA- 953152) and Junta de Castilla y León (Spain, project NANOCOMP - BU058P20). We also acknowledge SCAYLE (Supercomputación Castilla y León, Spain) for providing supercomputing facilities. The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. Authors declare no competing interests. DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Burgos RD 19-abr-2026