RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 Machine-learning for automatic prediction of flatness deviation considering the wear of the face mill teeth A1 Bustillo Iglesias, Andrés A1 Pimenov, Danil Yurievich A1 Mia, Mozammel A1 Kapłonek, Wojciech K1 Face milling K1 Wear K1 Tool life K1 Tool condition monitoring K1 Flatness deviation K1 Cutting power K1 Random forest K1 SMOTE K1 Ingeniería mecánica K1 Mechanical engineering K1 Máquinas herramientas K1 Machine-tools K1 Inteligencia artificial K1 Artificial intelligence AB The acceptance of the machined surfaces not only depends on roughness parameters but also in the flatness deviation (Δfl). Hence, before reaching the threshold of flatness deviation caused by the wear of the face mill, the tool inserts need to be changed to avoid the expected product rejection. As current CNC machines have the facility to track, in real-time, the main drive power, the present study utilizes this facility to predict the flatness deviation—with proper consideration to the amount of wear of cutting tool insert’s edge. The prediction of deviation from flatness is evaluated as a regression and a classification problem, while different machine-learning techniques like Multilayer Perceptrons, Radial Basis Functions Networks, Decision Trees and Random Forest ensembles have been examined. Finally, Random Forest ensembles combined with Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) balancing technique showed the highest performance when the flatness levels are discretized taking into account industrial requirements. The SMOTE balancing technique resulted in a very useful strategy to avoid the strong limitations that small experiment datasets produce in the accuracy of machine-learning models. PB Springer SN 0956-5515 YR 2020 FD 2020-09 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10259/11214 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10259/11214 LA eng NO The work was supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, Contract No. 02.A03.21.0011 and partially supported by the Project TIN2015-67534-P (MINECO/FEDER, UE) of the Ministerio de Economía Competitividad of the Spanish Government and the Project BU085P17 (JCyL/FEDER, UE) of the Junta de Castilla y León both co-financed from European Union FEDER funds. The research was carried out within the South-Ural State University Project 5-100 from 2016 to 2020 aimed to increase the competitiveness of leading Russian universities among the world research and educational centers. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of NVIDIA Corporation with the donation of the Titan Xp GPU used for this research. DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Burgos RD 19-abr-2026