RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article
T1 Dietary Supplement Use in Competitive Spanish Football Players and Differences According to Sex
A1 Sousa-Rufino, Carlos
A1 Pareja-Galeano, Helios
A1 Martínez Ferrán, María
K1 Dietary supplements
K1 Football
K1 Soccer
K1 Nutrition
K1 Ergogenic aids
K1 Performance
K1 Deportistas-Alimentación
K1 Athletes-Nutrition
K1 Suplementos nutricionales
K1 Dietary supplements
AB Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the consumption of dietary supplements (DS) in semi-professional male and professional female Spanish foot-ball  players. Methods: The study involved 129 football players (92 men and 37 women) who completed a validated, self-administered questionnaire on the use of DS in athletes. Results: The results  indicated that 96.12% of the sample reported taking DS, with the main reason for consumption being  performance enhancement. The most commonly consumed DS were creatine monohydrate (66.77%), caffeine (56.59%), whey protein (48.06%), isotonic drinks (37.21%), vitamin D (27.91%), energy bars (27.13%), magnesium (20.93%), and vita-min C (20.16%). Additionally, significant differences were found between sexes regarding vitamin D consumption (p < 0.05; OR = 3.27 [0.36–2.00]). According to the Australian Institute of Sport DS classification, group A was the most consumed, followed by group B. Significant sex differences were found in the consumption of sports foods (p = 0.034; OR = 3.25 [0.05–2.31]) and medical supplements (p < 0.001; OR = 3.75 [0.52–2.12]). Sex differences were also found in place of purchase, source of recommendation, as well as the situation and timing of consumption (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The use of DS among Spanish football players was prevalent at 96.12%, with creatine monohydrate, caffeine, and whey protein being the most commonly consumed. Differences in consumption patterns were noted between sexes.
PB MDPI
SN 2072-6643
YR 2025
FD 2025-02
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10259/11899
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10259/11899
LA eng
DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Burgos
RD 11-jul-2026