RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 Processing, microstructure, electrical properties and cytotoxic behaviour of lead-free 0.99K0.5Na0.5NbO3-0.01BiFeO3 piezoceramics prepared using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) A1 Iacomini, Antonio . A1 Garroni, Sebastiano A1 Mureddu, Marzia A1 Malfatti, Luca A1 Thakkar, Swapneel A1 Orrù, Roberto A1 Barbarossa, Simone A1 Pakhomova, Ekaterina A1 Cao, Giacomo A1 Tamayo Ramos, Juan Antonio A1 Parra de la Parra, Sandra de la A1 Rumbo Lorenzo, Carlos A1 García, Álvaro A1 Bartolomé, José F. A1 Pardo, Lorena . K1 Potassium sodium niobate K1 High energy ball milling K1 Spark plasma sintering K1 Raman spectroscopy K1 Dielectric K1 Cytotoxic assessment K1 Cerámica industrial-Tratamiento térmico K1 Ceramics-Heat treatment AB In this work, “lead free” 0.99K0.5Na0.5NbO3-0.01BiFeO3 (KNN–BF) piezoceramics were prepared by a combination of mechanochemical activation, Spark Plasma Sintering and post-annealing treatment. Results show that the annealing treatment causes important microstructural and electrical changes. The SPS sample was characterized by low electrical resistance, while the air annealed samples showed better insulating properties due to a partial compensation of the oxygen vacancy. The best piezoelectric properties were found for the samples annealed at 1000 and 1050 ​°C for 2h due to the optimum grain size and oxygen vacancy compensation achieved. A further enhancement of the dielectric and piezoelectric properties was achieved through a second annealing treatment in oxygen flux at 1050 ​°C for 30 ​min. Moreover, the toxicity of the pellets was evaluated through exposure experiments to the pulverized KNN–BF pellets, employing two widely used human and environmental cellular models. PB Elsevier SN 0022-4596 YR 2022 FD 2022-09 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10259/11955 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10259/11955 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Burgos RD 31-jul-2026