RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 Corporate risk and formal institutions: is Latin America different? A1 Lizarzaburu Bolaños, Edmundo A1 García Gómez, Conrado Diego A1 López Iturriaga, Félix Javier A1 Díez Esteban, José María K1 Corporate risk K1 Latin America K1 Formal institutions quality K1 Financial constraints K1 MILA K1 Empresas-América Latina-Finanzas K1 Business enterprises-Latin American-Finance AB This study investigates the relationship between institutional quality and corporate risk in Latin America. Using a sample of 725 firms from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay over the period 2013-2022, we find that firms operating in countries with stronger formal institutions –as measured by the World Bank's Worldwide Governance Indicators– exhibit lower levels of corporate risk, as captured by reduced Z-scores and market volatility. These results are robust to the use of a composite index based on the six dimensions of the governance indicators and to various empirical techniques. Furthermore, our results suggest that capital market integration –measured through participation in the Latin American Integrated Market (MILA)– reinforces the risk-reducing effect of institutional quality. Moreover, the moderating influence of the MILA is particularly relevant in financially constrained firms. PB Elsevier SN 2214-8450 YR 2026 FD 2026 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10259/12255 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10259/12255 LA eng DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Burgos RD 11-oct-2026