RT info:eu-repo/semantics/article T1 Climate vulnerability and market volatility: evidence from European firms A1 Enríquez-Perales, Sarela A1 García Gómez, Conrado Diego A1 Díez Esteban, José María K1 Climate vulnerability K1 Climate risk K1 Stock return volatility K1 Financial constraints K1 Equity markets K1 Europe K1 Cambios climáticos-Aspectos económicos K1 Climatic changes-Economic aspects K1 Empresas-Finanzas K1 Business enterprises-Finance AB This study examines the association between country-level climate vulnerability and firm-level stock return volatility in Europe. Using panel data on 490 listed firms across 17 European countries from 2013 to 2022, we find that firms located in more climate-vulnerable countries exhibit significantly higher market volatility. The results are robust across alternative measures, fixed-effects specifications, and endogeneity checks. We further show that this relationship is amplified for financially constrained firms when constraints are measured using the Kaplan–Zingales index. Overall, the findings suggest that climate vulnerability primarily manifests as heightened market uncertainty and that financial frictions play a key role in transmitting macro-level climate risk to firm-level market volatility. PB Elsevier SN 1544-6123 YR 2026 FD 2026 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10259/12257 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10259/12257 LA spa DS Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Burgos RD 11-oct-2026