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dc.contributor.authorFernández-Lázaro, Diego
dc.contributor.authorMielgo Ayuso, Juan 
dc.contributor.authorSantamaría, Gema
dc.contributor.authorGutiérrez-Abejón, Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorDomínguez-Ortega, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorGarcía-Lázaro, Sandra María
dc.contributor.authorSeco-Calvo, Jesús
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-23T08:14:56Z
dc.date.available2023-03-23T08:14:56Z
dc.date.issued2022-07
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10259/7589
dc.description.abstractAthletes incorporate altitude training programs into their conventional training to improve their performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an 8-week altitude training program that was supplemented with intermittent hypoxic training (IHE) on the blood biomarkers, sports performance, and safety profiles of elite athletes. In a single-blind randomized clinical trial that followed the CONSORT recommendations, 24 male athletes were randomized to an IHE group (HA, n = 12) or an intermittent normoxia group (NA, n = 12). The IHE consisted of 5-min cycles of hypoxia–normoxia with an FIO2 of between 10–13% for 90 min every day for 8 weeks. Hematological (red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, hematocrit, reticulated hemoglobin, reticulocytes, and erythropoietin), immunological (leukocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes), and renal (urea, creatinine, glomerular filtrate, and total protein) biomarkers were assessed at the baseline (T1), day 28 (T2), and day 56 (T3). Sports performance was evaluated at T1 and T3 by measuring quadriceps strength and using three-time trials over the distances of 60, 400, and 1000 m on an athletics track. Statistically significant increases (p < 0.05) in erythropoietin, reticulocytes, hemoglobin, and reticulocyte hemoglobin were observed in the HA group at T3 with respect to T1 and the NA group. In addition, statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) were achieved in all performance tests. No variations were observed in the immunological or renal biomarkers. The athletes who were living and training at 1065 m and were supplemented with IHE produced significant improvements in their hematological behavior and sports performance with optimal safety profiles.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.language.isoenges
dc.publisherMDPIen
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022, V. 19, n. 15, 9095en
dc.rightsAtribución 4.0 Internacional*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectHypoxiaen
dc.subjectAthletesen
dc.subjectBlood biomarkersen
dc.subjectSports performanceen
dc.subjectSafety profileen
dc.subjectAltitude trainingen
dc.subject.otherFisiologíaes
dc.subject.otherPhysiologyen
dc.titleAdequacy of an Altitude Fitness Program (Living and Training) plus Intermittent Exposure to Hypoxia for Improving Hematological Biomarkers and Sports Performance of Elite Athletes: A Single-Blind Randomized Clinical Trialen
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlees
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesses
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159095es
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijerph19159095
dc.identifier.essn1660-4601
dc.journal.titleInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Healthen
dc.volume.number19es
dc.issue.number15es
dc.type.hasVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiones


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