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dc.contributor.authorGonzález Rico, Andrea
dc.contributor.authorDi Giusto Valle, Cristina 
dc.contributor.authorEscolar Llamazares, María del Camino 
dc.contributor.authorTorre Cruz, Tamara de la 
dc.contributor.authorLuis Rico, María Isabel 
dc.contributor.authorMartín Palacio, María Eugenia
dc.date.accessioned2024-03-11T10:34:21Z
dc.date.available2024-03-11T10:34:21Z
dc.date.issued2024-03
dc.identifier.issn2076-328X
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10259/8794
dc.description.abstractThe repercussions of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus over recent years have posed an unprecedented challenge for the whole of society, affecting the well-being of everyone. Among all the variables affected in relation to well-being, Anxiety, Emotional Intelligence, and Effective Personality (Self-Esteem, Academic Self-Realisation, Resolute Self-Efficacy, Social Self-Realisation) have been highlighted. The aim of this study is to assess the evolution of those variables across three temporal phases: pre-pandemic, during the pandemic, and up until the end of the study in April 2022. A study was conducted during these temporal phases with three cohorts from Spanish Universities. The cohorts were formed of people assessed for Anxiety (660 pre-pandemic, 460 during the pandemic, and 311 at the end of the study), Emotional Intelligence (355 pre-pandemic, 91 during the pandemic, 311 at the end of the study), and Effective Personality (708 pre-pandemic, 174 in 2018, 311 at the end of the study). Anxiety was assessed with the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, Emotional Intelligence with the Trait Meta-Mood Scale and TMMS-24, and Effective Personality with the Cuestionario Personalidad Eficaz-Universidad (the Effective Personality Questionnaire-University). The results showed a rise in the state of anxiety during COVID-19, with a subsequent reduction two years into the pandemic; however, anxiety rates remained higher than before the pandemic. Emotional intelligence increased in the emotional attention factor, but diminished as regards both clarity and regulation. Effective Personality was at lower levels for all factors (Self-Esteem, Academic Self-Realisation, Resolute Self-Efficacy, Social Self-Realisation). The main conclusion was the need for assistance with the dimensions under study, in order to improve the well-being of university students after the serious effects caused by COVID-19.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.language.isoenges
dc.publisherMDPIes
dc.relation.ispartofBehavioral Sciences. 2024, V. 14, n. 3, 173es
dc.rightsAtribución 4.0 Internacional*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectAnxietyen
dc.subjectCOVID-19en
dc.subjectEmotional intelligenceen
dc.subjectEffective personalityen
dc.subjectUniversity studentsen
dc.subject.otherPsicologíaes
dc.subject.otherPsychologyen
dc.subject.otherEnseñanza superiores
dc.subject.otherEducation, Higheren
dc.titleEvolution of Anxiety, Emotional Intelligence, and Effective Personality after COVID-19 among Spanish University Studentsen
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlees
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesses
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.3390/bs14030173es
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/bs14030173
dc.identifier.essn2076-328X
dc.journal.titleBehavioral Sciencesen
dc.volume.number14es
dc.issue.number3es
dc.page.initial173es
dc.type.hasVersioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersiones


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