The protection of natural areas is considered an essential strategy for environment conservation. The objective of this work was to determine the level of vulnerability, considering the
characterization and identification of the risk zones and ecological protection of the Pagaibamba
Protection Forest (PPF, Peru). To determine the vulnerable areas, Landsat ETM satellite images,
topographic, geological, ecological, and vegetation cover maps were used. Geological, physiographic,
edaphological, vegetation cover, and land use potential characteristics, were analyzed. Three Ecological Protection and Risk Zones were identified, with the largest extension of the PPF corresponding to
lands of very high and high vulnerability and high ecological risk, which include >85% of Protected
Natural Areas (PNA) and 54% of the Buffer Zone (BZ). Moderate risk areas represent 30% of the
Buffer Zone (BZ) and 13% of the PNA, and the low-risk areas (represent 15% of the BZ and 2% of the
PNA). Biogeographically, the PPF was related to the Cloudy Montane Forests Ecoregion of the Andes
Mountains, standing out the Tropical Montane Cloud Forest (TMCF) and the Tropical Lower Montane
Cloud Forest (TLMCF). These forests are a global conservation priority due to their great biodiversity,
high level of endemicity of flora and fauna, and the crucial hydrological function they fulfill.
