In recent years, ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) in pups has become established
as a good tool for evaluating behaviors related to communication deficits and emotional states observed
in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure leads to impairments and
social behavior deficits associated with autism, with the effects of VPA being considered as a reliable
animal model of ASD. Some studies also suggest that prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) could
enhance autistic-like behaviors
