Introduction: Eating disorders (EDs) are serious psychological problems that
affect not only the individual, but also their entire environment. The prevalence
rates of EDs are higher among the adolescent population. A better understanding
of ED risk factors is essential to design effective prevention and intervention
programs that focus beyond the areas of weight and appearance.
Methods: The main objective of this systematic review was to identify the risk
factors of EDs and provide a comprehensive approach, analyzing the interplay
between individuals, their inner circle, and the society characteristics. The Web of
Science, Scopus, CENTRAL and PsycInfo databases were searched.
Results: The initial search produced 8,178 references. After removing duplicates
and performing the selection process by three independent reviewers, 42 articles
were included in the systematic review according to the pre-specified inclusion
criteria. The results suggest the relevance of society and the inner circle on the
development of EDs.
Discussion: The internalization of the thin ideal, promoted by the current society,
and living in an unsupportive, unaffectionate, non-cohesive environment were
associated with the onset of EDs symptomatology. Other associated variables
with this ED indicator were poor-quality relationships and feeling judged about
appearance. These aspects seem to be essential for the development of individual
characteristics like self-esteem or adaptative coping during adolescence. This
systematic review has shown the complex etiology of EDs and the relevance of
the interplay between the different areas involved. Furthermore, this information
could be relevant to improve the design of innovative and more effective
prevention and intervention programs.
Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42022320881.
