Internet of Things (IoT) is the paradigm that has largely contributed to the development of
smart buildings in our society. This technology makes it possible to monitor all aspects of the smart
building and to improve its operation. One of the main challenges encountered by IoT networks
is that the the data they collect may be unreliable since IoT devices can lose accuracy for several
reasons (sensor wear, sensor aging, poorly constructed buildings, etc.). The aim of our work is to
study the evolution of IoT networks over time in smart buildings. The hypothesis we have tested is
that, by amplifying the Lotka–Volterra equations as a community of living organisms (an ecosystem
model), the reliability of the system and its components can be predicted. This model comprises
a set of differential equations that describe the relationship between an IoT network and multiple
IoT devices. Based on the Lotka–Volterra model, in this article, we propose a model in which the
predators are the non-precision IoT devices and the prey are the precision IoT devices. Furthermore,
a third species is introduced, the maintenance staff, which will impact the interaction between both
species, helping the prey to survive within the ecosystem. This is the first Lotka–Volterra model that
is applied in the field of IoT. Our work establishes a proof of concept in the field and opens a wide
spectrum of applications for biology models to be applied in IoT.
