Nearly zero energy (NZEB) or PASSIVHAUSS buildings are characterized by a very low energy consumption to meet the needs of air climatization (cooling and heating). Although in the design philosophy of these buildings, air conditioning and heating systems would be unnecessary, in some climatic regions, mainly due to user requirements, equipment such as geothermal or aerothermal heat pumps is usually installed. This type of house is conceived from the design stage to achieve high energy efficiency. The orientation of the building and distribution of windows and facades are studied in detail to reduce the building's energy demand by taking advantage of solar radiation in winter and avoiding overheating during summer. Another important aspect is the excellent insulation of the building envelope, reducing heat losses to the environment.
